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Show ContentsCarter History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
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Family Crest Download (JPG) Heritage Series - 600 DPI

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The ancestry of the name Carter can be traced back to the Anglo-Saxon tribes of Britain. It is a name for a person who builds carts. Another alternative origin of this surname is guard which is derived from the Old English word Caretarius or Carda. [1] [2]

The Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae listed William Cartier, of Normandy, 1195 and Ralph Caretarius, of Winchester, 1148. [3]

Early Origins of the Carter family

The surname Carter was first found in the Hundredorum Rolls of 1273 where Jocius Caretarius, Oxfordshire; Juliana le Cartere, Cambridgeshire; Nicholas le Carter, Oxfordshire; John le Cartere, Norfolk; Robert le Caretter, Huntingdonshire; and Margaret le Careter, Huntingdonshire were all listed, some still in their Latin form of the name. [4]

The name is "well distributed over England. It is best represented in Cheshire and Essex, and afterwards in Cambridgeshire, Devon, and Sussex." [5]

By the 15th and 16th centuries, the family was also found in Scotland. "James Cartare witness in Edinburgh, 1439. Hob Carter was a tenant on lands of the Abbey of Kelso, 1567." [6]

Early History of the Carter family

This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Carter research. Another 96 words (7 lines of text) covering the years 1086, 1250, 1540, 1605, 1530, 1590, 1553, 1534, 1584, 1554, 1635, 1554, 1655, 1619, 1676, 1654, 1660, 1617, 1668, 1654, 1656, 1672, 1745, 1672, 1660, 1648, 1608, 1684, 1637, 1642, 1735, 1751, 1769 and are included under the topic Early Carter History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Carter Spelling Variations

Carter has been spelled many different ways. Before English spelling became standardized over the last few hundred years, spelling variations in names were a common occurrence. As the English language changed in the Middle Ages, absorbing pieces of Latin and French, as well as other languages, the spelling of people's names also changed considerably, even over a single lifetime. Many variations of the name Carter have been found, including Carter, Carters and others.

Early Notables of the Carter family (pre 1700)

Notables of this surname at this time include: Oliver Carter (1540?-1605), English divine, probably a native of that part of Richmondshire which is in the county of Lancaster. Peter Carter (1530?-1590), was a writer on logic, a native of Lancashire, and took the degree of B.A. at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1553-1534. William Carter (d. 1584), was a printer, son of John Carter, a draper of London. John Carter the Elder (1554-1635), was an English divine, born at Wickham, Kent, in 1554, educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge. John Carter the Younger (d. 1655), was also a divine, born in his father's parish...
Another 171 words (12 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Carter Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Carter World Ranking

In the United States, the name Carter is the 40th most popular surname with an estimated 402,894 people with that name. [7] However, in Canada, the name Carter is ranked the 156th most popular surname with an estimated 22,153 people with that name. [8] And in Newfoundland, Canada, the name Carter is the 171st popular surname with an estimated 232 people with that name. [9] Australia ranks Carter as 78th with 31,209 people. [10] New Zealand ranks Carter as 64th with 4,990 people. [11] The United Kingdom ranks Carter as 64th with 71,127 people. [12]

Ireland Migration of the Carter family to Ireland

Some of the Carter family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Another 111 words (8 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

United States Carter migration to the United States +

In an attempt to escape the chaos experienced in England, many English families boarded overcrowded and diseased ships sailing for the shores of North America and other British colonies. Those families hardy enough, and lucky enough, to make the passage intact were rewarded with land and a social environment less prone to religious and political persecution. Many of these families became important contributors to the young colonies in which they settled. Early immigration and passenger lists have documented some of the first Carters to arrive on North American shores:

Carter Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
  • Rosamus Carter, who arrived in Virginia in 1621 aboard the ship "George" [13]
  • Miss Hilary Carter, (b. 1608), aged 27, British settler travelling from London, England aboard the ship "Elizabeth and Anne" arriving in Massachusetts Bay (Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire) in 1635 [14]
  • Mr. John Carter, (b. 1613), aged 22, British settler traveling aboard the ship "Safety" arriving in Virginia in 1635 [15]
  • Mr. Thomas Carter, (b. 1610), aged 25, British settler traveling aboard the ship "Safety" arriving in Virginia in 1635 [15]
  • Mr. John Carter, aged 54, from England who arrived in Virginia aboard the ship "America" arriving in June 1635 [16]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Carter Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
  • Him Carter, who landed in Virginia in 1703 [17]
  • Eliza Carter, who arrived in Virginia in 1724 [17]
  • Charles Carter, who arrived in Mississippi in 1798 [17]
  • Benjamin Carter, who landed in Mississippi in 1799 [17]
Carter Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
  • Andrew Carter, who landed in America in 1818 [17]
  • Mr. Carter, who landed in Mobile Ala in 1821 [17]
  • Edith Ann Carter, who arrived in Baltimore in 1826
  • Mr. John Carter, (b. 1808), aged 28, Cornish miner departing from Falmouth aboard the ship "Royal Adelaide" arriving in the United States on 11th May 1836 [18]
  • Mr. Henry Carter, (b. 1816), aged 20, Cornish settler departing from Falmouth aboard the ship "Royal Adelaide" arriving in the United States on 11th May 1836 [18]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Carter Settlers in United States in the 20th Century
  • Mr. Stephen Carter, (b. 1875), aged 25, Cornish miner travelling aboard the ship "Majestic" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 25th July 1900 en route to Red Jacket, Michigan, USA [19]
  • Mr. Charles Carter, (b. 1815), aged 88, Cornish settler travelling aboard the ship "Cedric" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 5th September 1903 en route to Plymouth, Pennsylvania, USA [19]
  • Mr. James Carter, (b. 1876), aged 27, Cornish miner travelling aboard the ship "St Paul" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 6th June 1903 en route to Hill City, South Dakota, USA [19]
  • Mr. Samuel Carter, (b. 1875), aged 28, Cornish engine fitter travelling aboard the ship "Cedric" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 21st March 1903 en route to Colfax, California, USA [19]
  • Mr. Thomas Carter, (b. 1848), aged 55, Cornish settler travelling aboard the ship "Cedric" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 5th September 1903 en route to Plymouth, Pennsylvania, USA [19]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Canada Carter migration to Canada +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

Carter Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century
  • Chris Carter, who immigrated to St. John's, Newfoundland in 1705 [20]
  • Davd Jonathn Carter, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1749
  • Eliz Carter, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1750
  • Ann Carter, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1750
  • Charles Carter, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1750
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Carter Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
  • Timothy Carter, aged 29, a labourer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Lord Goderich" from London, England
  • Mary Carter, aged 27, a his, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Lord Goderich" from London, England
  • Mary Carter Junior, aged 3 months, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Lord Goderich" from London, England
  • John Carter, aged 22, a labourer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick aboard the ship "Bartley" in 1833
  • Sophia Carter, aged 22, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick aboard the ship "Bartley" in 1833
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Australia Carter migration to Australia +

Emigration to Australia followed the First Fleets of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:

Carter Settlers in Australia in the 18th Century
  • Miss Eleanor Carter, English convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for 7 years , transported aboard the "Britannia III" on 18th July 1798, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [21]
  • Miss Sarah Carter, English convict who was convicted in Devon, England for 7 years , transported aboard the "Britannia III" on 18th July 1798, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [21]
Carter Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
  • John Carter, English convict from London, who was transported aboard the "Ann" on August 1809, settling in New South Wales, Australia [22]
  • Miss Mary Carter, (b. 1791), aged 22, Irish convict who was convicted in Dublin, Ireland for 7 years, transported aboard the "Catherine" on 8th December 1813, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [23]
  • Mr. George Carter, (b. 1767), aged 49, English convict who was convicted in Yorkshire, England for 14 years, transported aboard the "Fame" on 9th October 1816, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [24]
  • Mr. Daniel Carter, (b. 1787), aged 32, English hawker who was convicted in Surrey, England for life for burglary, transported aboard the "Coromandel" on 27th October 1819, arriving in Tasmania (Van Diemen's Land), he died in 1822 [25]
  • Mr. Thomas Carter, British Convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Coromandel" on 27th October 1819, arriving in Tasmania (Van Diemen's Land) [25]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

New Zealand Carter migration to New Zealand +

Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:

Carter Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century
  • B Carter, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1837
  • Charles Carter, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1840
  • Joseph Carter, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1840 aboard the ship Aurora
  • Joseph Carter, aged 28, a labourer, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Aurora" in 1840
  • Ann Carter, aged 27, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Aurora" in 1840
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

West Indies Carter migration to West Indies +

The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association. [26]
Carter Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century
  • Christopher Carter, aged 45, who was aboard the ship "Sea Venture" who wrecked in Bermudas in 1609, he stayed behind in Bermuda [17]
  • Mr. John Carter, (b. 1608), aged 26, British settler travelling from London, UK arriving in St Christopher (St. Kitts) on 5th January 1634 [17]
  • Mr. George Carter, (b. 1607), aged 28, British settler traveling aboard the ship "William and John" arriving in St Christopher (Saint Kitts) in 1635 [27]
  • Mr. James Carter, (b. 1610), aged 25, British settler traveling aboard the ship "Paul of London" arriving in St Christopher (Saint Kitts) in 1635 [27]

Contemporary Notables of the name Carter (post 1700) +

  • Ruth E. Carter (b. 1960), American costume designer for film and television, with over 40 films to her credit. Academy Award for Best Costume Design winner for Black Panther (2018) and Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022). Nominated for the films Malcolm X (1992), Amistad (1997)
  • Aaron Charles Carter (1987-2022), American rapper, singer, and actor, known for his four studio albums, brother of Nick Carter of the boy band Backstreet Boys
  • Ashton Baldwin "Ash" Carter (1954-2022), American military civilian official and academic, 25th United States Secretary of Defense (2015-2017)
  • Fred Carter (1938-2022), American comic book artist known for the work he did on Jack Chick's tracts
  • Gene Carter (1935-2021), American jurist, Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maine (2003-2021)
  • Jerry Carter (1954-2021), American Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives elected in 2018
  • Jackie Carter (1953-2016), American children's book editor and author
  • Mike Carter (1953-2021), American politician and a Republican member of the Tennessee House of Representatives (2013-2021)
  • Louis Edward Carter (1953-2020), American NFL running back for the Oakland Raiders and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers
  • Horace Edward "Steve" Carter Jr. (1929-2020), American playwright, best known for his plays Eden, Nevis Mountain Dew, Dame Lorraine
  • ... (Another 35 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Arrow Air Flight 1285
  • Mr. Mark E Carter (1963-1985), American Sergeant from Fayetteville, North Carolina, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash [28]
  • Mr. Troy G Carter (1944-1985), American Captain from Fort Campbell, Kentucky, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash [28]
  • Mr. Gregory Thomas Carter (1966-1985), American Private 1st Class from Covina, California, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash [28]
Empress of Ireland
  • Mr. Harold Hewitt Carter (1879-1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking [29]
Halifax Explosion
  • Mr. Alfred  Carter (1879-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) [30]
  • Miss Clara  Carter (1917-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who survived the Halifax Explosion (1917) but later died due to injuries [30]
HMS Hood
  • Mr. Robert J W Carter (b. 1922), English Marine serving for the Royal Marine from Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking [31]
HMS Prince of Wales
  • Mr. Stanley Carter, British Stoker 2nd Class, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and died in the sinking [32]
  • Mr. Robert Carter (b. 1917), English Ordinary Seaman from England, who sailed on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) prior to its sinking [32]
  • Mr. Charles Carter, British Stoker 1st Class, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and died in the sinking [32]
HMS Repulse
  • Mr. Ralph Carter, British Marine, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse and survived the sinking, but was listed as missing in action in 1941 [33]
  • Mr. John Carter, British Able Bodied Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking [33]
  • Mr. Kenneth Herbert Carter, British Able Seaman-Gunner, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking [33]
HMS Royal Oak
  • William Frederick Carter (1914-1939), British Seaman with the Royal Navy Reserve aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking [34]
  • Rowland William Hill Carter (1915-1939), British Able Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking [34]
  • Gordon William Carter (1919-1939), British Able Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking [34]
  • John Carter (d. 1939), British Leading Stoker with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking [34]
Prince of Wales colliery
  • Mr. John Carter (b. 1856), Welsh coal miner who was working at the Prince of Wales Colliery in Abercarn, Wales on the 11th September 1878 when there was a coal mine explosion; he died [35]
  • Mr. William Carter (b. 1859), Welsh coal miner who was working at the Prince of Wales Colliery in Abercarn, Wales on the 11th September 1878 when there was a coal mine explosion; he died [35]
RMS Titanic
  • Mr. James W. Carter (d. 1912), aged 46, English Fireman/Stoker from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking [36]
  • Father Ernest Courtenay Carter (d. 1912), aged 54, English Second Class passenger from London, England who sailed aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking [36]
  • Mrs. Lilian Carter (d. 1912), (née Hughes), aged 45, English Second Class passenger from London, England who sailed aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking [36]
  • Mrs. Lucile Carter, (née Polk), aged 36, American First Class passenger from Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania who sailed aboard the RMS Titanic and survived the sinking escaping in life boat 4 [36]
  • Master William Thornton II Carter, aged 11, American First Class passenger from Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania who sailed aboard the RMS Titanic and survived the sinking escaping in life boat 4 [36]
  • ... (Another 2 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
SS Caribou
  • Mr. Llewellyn Carter (b. 1918), (b. 1918), Newfoundland crew member from Channel-Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and Labrador was travelling aboard the railway ferry "SS Caribou" when it was struck by a German submarine torpedo on 14th October 1942, the most significant sinking in Canadian waters at that time, he died in the sinking
USS Arizona
  • Mr. Edward J. Carter, American Platoon Sergeant working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he survived the sinking [37]
  • Mr. Burton Lowell Carter, American Seaman Second Class from California, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking [37]
  • Mr. Paxton Turner Carter, American Warrant Officer-Pay Clerk from California, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking [37]

Suggested Readings for the name Carter +

  • Brief History and Genealogy of the Carter and Some Allied Families by Lyle Carter.
  • The Carter and Fulcher Families by Jane Chapman.
  1. Lower, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print.
  2. Smith, Eldson Coles, New Dictionary of American Family Names New York: Harper & Row, 1956. Print
  3. The Norman People and Their Existing Descendants in the British Dominions and the United States Of America. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1975. Print. (ISBN 0-8063-0636-X)
  4. Bardsley, C.W, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames: With Special American Instances. Wiltshire: Heraldry Today, 1901. Print. (ISBN 0-900455-44-6)
  5. Guppy, Henry Brougham, Homes of Family Names in Great Britain. 1890. Print.
  6. Black, George F., The Surnames of Scotland Their Origin, Meaning and History. New York: New York Public Library, 1946. Print. (ISBN 0-87104-172-3)
  7. "What are the 5,000 Most Common Last Names in the U.S.?". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/last-names/
  8. "Surnames Meanings, Origins & Distribution Maps - Forebears." Forebears, https://forebears.io/surnames
  9. The order of Common Surnames in 1955 in Newfoundland retrieved on 20th October 2021 (retrieved from Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland by E.R. Seary corrected edition ISBN 0-7735-1782-0)
  10. "Most Common Last Names in Australia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/australia/surnames
  11. "Most Common Last Names in New Zealand." Forebears, https://forebears.io/new-zealand/surnames
  12. "UK surname ranking." UK Surname map, https://www.surnamemap.eu/unitedkingdom/surnames_ranking.php?p=10
  13. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's Retrieved January 6th 2023, retrieved from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  14. Pilgrim Ship Lists Early 1600's. Retrieved 24th September 2021 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  15. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's. Retrieved October 5th 2021 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  16. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's. Retrieved January 6th 2023 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  17. Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
  18. Cornwall Online Parish Clerks. (Retrieved 2018, April 30). Emigrants to New York 1820 - 1891 [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.opc-cornwall.org/Resc/pdfs/emigration_new_york_1820_1891.pdf
  19. Cornwall Online Parish Clerks. (Retrieved 3rd May 2018). Retrieved from http://www.opc-cornwall.org/Resc/pdfs/emigration_ellis_island_1892_on.pdf
  20. Seary E.R., Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland, Montreal: McGill's-Queen's Universtity Press 1998 ISBN 0-7735-1782-0
  21. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 30th October 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/Britannia
  22. State Library of Queensland. (Retrieved 2016, October 27) Ann voyage to New South Wales, Australia in 1809 with 200 passengers. Retrieved from http://www.convictrecords.com.au/ships/ann/1809
  23. Convict Records of Australia (Retreived 2nd January 2021, retreived from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/catherine
  24. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 27th September 2022). https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/fairlie
  25. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 12th March 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/coromandel
  26. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_West_Indies
  27. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's (Retrieved October 4th 2021 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  28. American War Memorials - Flight 1285. (Retrieved 2016, August 24) . Retrieved from http://www.uswarmemorials.org/html/monument_details.php?SiteID=317&MemID=550
  29. Commemoration Empress of Ireland 2014. (Retrieved 2014, June 16) . Retrieved from http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/listepsc1.html
  30. Halifax Explosion Book of Remembrance | Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. (Retrieved 2014, June 23) . Retrieved from https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/halifax-explosion/halifax-explosion-book-remembrance
  31. H.M.S. Hood Association-Battle Cruiser Hood: Crew Information - H.M.S. Hood Rolls of Honour, Men Lost in the Sinking of H.M.S. Hood, 24th May 1941. (Retrieved 2016, July 15) . Retrieved from http://www.hmshood.com/crew/memorial/roh_24may41.htm
  32. HMS Prince of Wales Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listprincecrew.html
  33. HMS Repulse Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listrepulsecrew.html
  34. Ships hit by U-boats crew list HMS Royal Oak (08) - (Retrieved 2018 February, 9th) - retrieved from https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/crews/ship68.html
  35. Entombed in flood and flame (retrieved 3rd August 2021). Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20120603025705/http://www.crosskeys.me.uk/history/prince.htm
  36. Titanic Passenger List - Titanic Facts. (Retrieved 2016, July 13) . Retrieved from http://www.titanicfacts.net/titanic-passenger-list.html
  37. Pearl Harbour: USS Arizona Casualties List Pearl Harbour December 7, 1941. (Retrieved 2018, July 31st). Retrieved from http://pearl-harbor.com/arizona/casualtylist.html
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