Show ContentsMartin History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms

Martin Family Crest Download (JPG) Heritage Series - 600 DPI

Family Crest Download (JPG) Heritage Series - 600 DPI

Etymology of Martin

What does the name Martin mean?

The French duchy of Gascogne was the home of the family who first used the name Martin. The surname was derived from the patron saint, Saint Martinus, a Bishop of Tours and Evangelist of la Gaule who was very popular in the Middle Ages.

Early Origins of the Martin family

The surname Martin was first found in Gascony (French: Gascogne), an area of southwest France bordering Spain, that was part of the "Province of Guyenne and Gascony" prior to the French Revolution, where the family has held a family seat from ancient times.

Another source claims the name is from St. martin in Normandy. "This family descends from Walter, Lord of St. Martin, who about 980 married a niece of Duchess Gunnora. William his son was father of Roger, Lord of Mortemer, and of Ralph, Sire de Garenne, and of the Sire de St. Martin, from whom came the family of St. Martin in Normandy and England." 1

Abraham Martin was born in France in 1589 and died in Quebec on 8th September 1664. He arrived in New France, along with his wife and daughter, on the boat "Le Sallemande" on 30th August 1620. Abraham received a plot of land that eventually became the location of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, fought between James Wolfe and Louis-Joseph de Montcalm. This land is still known as "Les Plaines d'Abraham", or in English, "The Plains of Abraham". 2

Early History of the Martin family

This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Martin research. Another 486 words (35 lines of text) covering the years 1345, 1370, 1445, 1500, 1550, 1560, 1605, 1634, 1639, 1648, 1673, 1676, 1681, 1689, 1693, 1699, 1706, 1710, 1711, 1717, 1721, 1742, 1743, 1755, 1789, 1800, 1803, 1810, 1818 and 1820 are included under the topic Early Martin History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Martin Spelling Variations

Throughout the course of history most surnames have undergone changes for many reasons. During the early development of the French language, a son and father may not have chosen to spell their name the same way. Many are simple spelling changes by a person who gave his name, phonetically, to a scribe, priest, or recorder. Many names held prefixes or suffixes which became optional as they passed through the centuries, or were adopted by different branches to signify either a political or religious adherence. Hence, we have many spelling variations of this name, Martin some of which are Martin, Martine, Lamartine, Martinat, Martinaud, Martinault, Martinot, Martineau, Martinet, Martiné, Martinon, Martinesque, Martet, Marthet, Marté, Martaud, Martault, Martot, Marti, Marty, Martinenche, Martiena, Martirena, Martens, Mertens, Saint-Martin and many more.

Early Notables of the Martin family

  • François Martin (1634-1706), the first Governor General of Pondicherry, Commissioner of French India (1681-1693), Governor-General of French India (1699-1706)
  • Charles-Amador Martin, (1648-1711), Canadian clergyman, the second Canadian to be ordained a priest
  • Jean-Baptiste Martin, an officer and Baron of the Empire in 1810
  • David Martin (1639-1721), a learned French Protestant theologian
  • Louis Claude de Saint-Martin (1743-1803), called "the Unknown philosopher", who after his law studies and his career as an officer, became a Freemason and contributed to mysticism in France

Martin World Ranking

the United States, the name Martin is the 16th most popular surname with an estimated 678,951 people with that name. 3 However, in Canada, the name Martin is ranked the 4th most popular surname with an estimated 91,680 people with that name. 4 And in Quebec, Canada, the name Martin is the 34th popular surname. 5 Newfoundland, Canada ranks Martin as 16th with 871 people. 6 France ranks Martin as 1st with 235,846 people. 7 Australia ranks Martin as 12nd with 60,595 people. 8 New Zealand ranks Martin as 25th with 5,838 people. 9 The United Kingdom ranks Martin as 20th with 117,812 people. 10 South America ranks Martin as 26th with 124 people. 11 South Africa ranks Martin as 267th with 25,719 people. 12

Martin migration to the United States +

Approximately 110 years after the first landings by Cartier, there were only about 300 people in Quebec. France gave land incentives for 2,000 migrants during the next decade. Early marriage was desperately encouraged amongst the immigrants. The fur trade attracted migrants, both noble and commoner. 15,000 explorers left Montreal in the late 17th and 18th centuries. By 1675, there were 7000 French in Quebec. Migration to New France (Quebec) continued from France until it fell in 1759. In the year 1675 the Acadian presence in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island had reached 500. In 1755, 10,000 French Acadians refused to take an oath of allegiance to England and were deported to Louisiana. The French founded Lower Canada, thus becoming one of the two great founding nations of Canada. The distinguished family name Martin has made significant contributions to the culture, arts, sciences and religion of France and New France. Amongst the settlers in North America with this distinguished name Martin were

Martin Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
  • Capt. John Martin, (1560 - 1623), who arrived in Jamestown, Virginia aboard the ship "Discovery" in 1607, 3rd son of Sir Richard Martin.
  • Mr. George Martin, who arrived in Jamestown, Virginia aboard the ship "Discovery" in 1607 14
  • Mr. William Martin, who was aboard the ship "Sea Venture" who wrecked in Bermudas in 1609, they managed to build a new ship to continue to Jamestown in 1610. 14
  • Mr. George Martin, who arrived in Virginia in 1616 aboard the ship "George" 14
  • Mrs. Mary Martin, (nee Prower), (c. 1580-1621), who arrived in Plymouth, Mass in 1620 aboard the ship "Mayflower"
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Martin Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
  • Adam Martin, who landed in Charles Town, South Carolina in 1782 15
Martin Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
  • Charles Martin, aged 20, who landed in New York, NY in 1803 15
  • Barbara Martin, who arrived in Pennsylvania in 1806 15
  • Andrew Martin, who arrived in New York, NY in 1811 15
  • James Martin, who arrived in New York in 1820
  • August, Edmond and Belfort Saint Martin, who settled in New Orleans in 1820
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Martin Settlers in United States in the 20th Century
  • Mr. Robert Martin, (b. 1842), aged 58, Cornish farmer, from St Austell, Cornwall, UK travelling aboard the ship "Lucania" arriving at Ellis Island, UK on 13th October 1900 en route to California, USA 16
  • Mr. Richard Martin, (b. 1903), aged 6 months, Cornish settler travelling aboard the ship "Lucania" arriving at Ellis Island, UK on 4th July 1903 en route to Vulcan, Michigan, USA 16
  • Mr. William Martin, (b. 1866), aged 37, American miner returning from Cornwall, UK travelling aboard the ship "Etruria" arriving at Ellis Island, UK on 11th July 1903 en route to Grass Valley, California, USA 16
  • Mr. William James Martin, (b. 1876), aged 27, Cornish mason, from Redruth, Cornwall, UK travelling aboard the ship "Lucania" arriving at Ellis Island, UK on 24th October 1903 en route to Boston, Massachusetts, USA 16
  • Mr. William Martin, (b. 1892), aged 11, Cornish settler, from Helston, Cornwall, UK travelling aboard the ship "New York" arriving at Ellis Island, UK on 12th September 1903 en route to Vulcan, Michigan, USA 16
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Martin migration to Canada +

Martin Settlers in Canada in the 17th Century
  • Bernard Martin, who landed in Acadia in 1636
  • Pierre Martin, who married Catherine Vigneau in 1630 and sailed with her from Touraine to Acadia in 1636
  • Antoine Martin, son of Jean and Isabelle, who married Denise Sevestre, daughter of Charles and Marie, in Quebec on 18th June 1646 17
  • Mr. Joachim Martin, French labourer travelling to Canada to work for François Peron, arriving on 11th April 1656 18
  • Mr. Louis Martin, French labourer travelling to Canada to work for Arnaud Peré arriving on 26th March 1656 18
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Martin Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century
  • Louis Martin, son of Joachim and Anne, who married Louise Raté, daughter of Jacques and Anne, in Saint-Pierre-de-l'île-d'Orléans, Quebec on 12th January 1700 17
  • Jean-Baptiste Martin, son of Joachim and Anne, who married Marie Genest, daughter of Jacques and Catherine, in Saint-Pierre-de-l'île-d'Orléans, Quebec on 25th November 1710 17
  • Jean-François Martin, son of Mathieu-François and Catherine, who married Angélique Chartier, daughter of René-Louis and Marie-Madeleine, in Quebec on 3rd November 1712 17
  • François Martin, son of François and Catherine, who married Marie-Jeanne Trotier, daughter of Joseph and Jeanne, in Quebec on 14th May 1713 17
  • Hilaire Martin, son of Pierre and Marie-Madeleine, who married Marguerite Bruneau, daughter of René and Anne, in Quebec on 8th November 1714 17
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Martin Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
  • Christian Martin, who arrived in Canada in 1831
  • George Martin, aged 26, a blacksmith, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick aboard the ship "Alchymist" in 1833
  • Thomas Martin, aged 25, a labourer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the brig "William" from Cork, Ireland
  • Johanna Martin, aged 30, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the brig "William" from Cork, Ireland
  • William Martin, aged 18, a labourer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick aboard the ship "Billow" in 1833
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Martin Settlers in Canada in the 20th Century
  • Mr. William Martin, (b. 1884), aged 21, Cornish carpenter, from St Blazey, Cornwall, UK travelling aboard the ship "Caronia" arriving at Ellis Island, UK on 10th April 1905 en route to Greenwood, British Columbia, Canada 16

Martin migration to Australia +

Emigration to Australia included the First Fleet, Second Fleet and Third Fleet of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:

First Fleet
  • Mr. John Martin, British settler convicted at Middlesex, England in 1788, sentenced to 7 years for stealing, transported aboard the ship "Neptune, Scarborough or Surprize" leaving in 1789 arriving in New South Wales, Australia in 1790 13
  • Mr. John Martin, (1770 - 1812), aged 17, British settler convicted at London, England in 1788, sentenced to 7 years for stealing, transported aboard the ship "Neptune" leaving in 1789 arriving in New South Wales, Australia in 1790 14
  • Miss Mary Martin, (1773 - 1847), aged 16, British settler convicted at Middlesex, England in 1789, sentenced to 7 years for shop lifting, transported aboard the ship "Neptune" leaving in 1789 arriving in New South Wales, Australia in 1790 14
  • Mr. Charles Martin, (1761 - 1797), aged 28, British settler convicted at Kent, England in 1788, sentenced to 14 years for shop lifting, transported aboard the ship "Neptune" leaving in 1789 arriving in New South Wales, Australia in 1790 14
  • Mr. William Martin, (1761 - 1790), aged 28, British settler convicted at London, England in 1787, sentenced to 7 years for stealing, transported aboard the ship "Neptune" leaving in 1789 arriving in New South Wales, Australia in 1790, may have died on the ship 14
Second Fleet
  • Mr. Henry Martin, British settler convicted in Essex, England in 1790, sentenced to 14 years for theft, transported aboard the ship "William and Ann" leaving in 1790 arriving in New South Wales, Australia in 1791 14
  • Mr. James Martin, British settler convicted in Middlesex, England in 1788, sentenced to 7 years for stealing, transported aboard the ship "Admiral Barrington" leaving in 1790 arriving in New South Wales, Australia in 1791 14
  • Mr. John Martin, British settler convicted in Essex, England in 1790, sentenced to 14 years for theft, transported aboard the ship "William and Ann" leaving in 1790 arriving in New South Wales, Australia in 1791 14
  • Mr. John Martin, British settler convicted in Lostwithiel, Cornwall in 1789, sentenced to 7 years for stealing, transported aboard the ship "Atlantic" leaving in 1790 arriving in New South Wales, Australia in 1791 14
  • Mr. Thomas Martin, British settler convicted in Kent, England in 1788, sentenced to 7 years for stealing, transported aboard the ship "Atlantic" leaving in 1790 arriving in New South Wales, Australia in 1791 14
Third Fleet
  • Mr. Stephen Martin, (b. 1748), aged 39, English settler convicted in Bristol, England on 28th April 1783, sentenced for 7 years for theft, transported aboard the ship "Alexander" leaving in 1787 arriving in New South Wales, Australia in 1788 14
  • Mr. John Martin, (b. 1757), aged 30, English settler convicted in London on 3rd July 1782, sentenced for 7 years for stealing clothing, transported aboard the ship "Alexander" leaving in 1787 arriving in New South Wales, Australia in 1788 14
  • Mr. Abraham Martin, (b. 1744), aged 43, English settler convicted in New Sarum (Salisbury), Wiltshire on 11th March 1786, sentenced for 7 years for theft, transported aboard the ship "Charlotte" leaving on 13th May 1787 arriving in New South Wales, Australia on 22nd January 1788 14
  • Mr. Thomas Martin, (b. 1764), aged 23, English settler convicted in Exeter, Devon on 24th May 1784, sentenced for 7 years for returning from transport, transported aboard the ship "Charlotte" leaving on 13th May 1787 arriving in New South Wales, Australia on 22nd January 1788 14
  • Mr. James Martin, (b. 1760), aged 27, English settler convicted in Exeter, Devon on 20th March 1786, sentenced for 7 years for theft, transported aboard the ship "Charlotte" leaving on 13th May 1787 arriving in New South Wales, Australia on 22nd January 1788 14
Following the First, Second and Third Fleets, other convicts and early settlers arriving in Australia include:

Martin Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
  • Mr. William Martin, British Convict who was convicted in Southampton, England for 14 years, transported aboard the "Earl Cornwallis" in August 1800, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 19
  • Miss. Jane Martin, Irish convict who was convicted in Waterford, Ireland for 7 years, transported aboard the "Atlas" on 29th November 1801, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 20
  • Mr. Joseph Martin, (Shephard, John), British Convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for life, transported aboard the "Coromandel" on 4th December 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 21
  • Mr. James Martin, English convict who was convicted in Northampton, Northamptonshire, England for 7 years for burglary, transported aboard the "Duke of Portland" in January 1807, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 22
  • Mr. Joseph Martin, (b. 1765), aged 42, English brick layer who was convicted in Chelmsford, Essex, England for 14 years , transported aboard the "Duke of Portland" in January 1807, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 22
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Martin Settlers in Australia in the 20th Century
  • Miss Millicent Martin, (b. 1883), aged 18, Cornish settler travelling aboard the ship "Duke of Devonshire" arriving in Queensland, Australia on 16th January 1901 23

Martin migration to New Zealand +

Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:

Martin Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century
  • Mr. Martin, Australian settler travelling from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria aboard the ship "Earl Stanhope" arriving in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840 24
  • Mrs. Martin, Australian settler travelling from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria aboard the ship "Earl Stanhope" arriving in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840 24
  • Albin Martin, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1840
  • Mrs Hannah Martin, who landed in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840 aboard the ship Martha Ridgway
  • Hugh Martin, who landed in Nelson, New Zealand in 1840
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Martin migration to West Indies +

The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association. 25
Martin Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century
  • Mr. John Martin, Cornish settler from St Ives, Cornwall, (b. 1616), aged 18, British settler travelling from Plymouth, England aboard the ship "Margarett" arriving in St Christopher (Saint Kitts) on 1st March 1634 26
  • Mr. Simon Martin, Cornish settler from St Ives, Cornwall, (b. 1616), aged 18, British settler travelling from Plymouth, England aboard the ship "Margarett" arriving in St Christopher (Saint Kitts) on 1st March 1634 26
  • Mr. Thomas Martin, Cornish settler from Cardinham, Cornwall, (b. 1610), aged 24, British settler travelling from Plymouth, England aboard the ship "Margarett" arriving in St Christopher (Saint Kitts) on 1st March 1634 26
  • Mr. Thomas Martin, (b. 1619), aged 16, British settler travelling from London, England aboard the ship "Anne and Elizabeth" arriving in Barbados in 1635 27
  • Mr. William Martin, (b. 1622), aged 13, British settler travelling from London, England aboard the ship "Alexander" arriving in Barbados in 1635 28
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Contemporary Notables of the name Martin (post 1700) +

  • Christopher Anthony John "Chris" Martin (b. 1977), English Grammy Award winner, singer, song writer and record producer better known as Chris Martin, born in Exeter, Devon he co-founded the rock bank Coldplay
  • Sir George Martin (1926-2016), English six-time Grammy Award winning music producer, best known for his work with the "Beatles,"sometimes referred to as "the Fifth Beatle"; for 37 straight weeks one of Martin's recordings topped the British charts in 1963
  • Douglas Matthewbaran Martin (1989-2025), American professional football player, running back for seven seasons in the National Football League, played college football for the Boise State Broncos and was selected by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the first round of the 2012 NFL draft
  • Brian Martin (1962-2025), American professional basketball player, brief career in the NBA
  • James Kirby Martin (1943-2024), American historian, a Hugh Roy and Lillie Cranz Cullen University Professor of History at the University of Houston, Houston, Texas
  • Shaun Martin (1978-2024), American four-time Grammy Award winning composer, arranger, record producer, and multi-instrumental musician
  • Michael David Martin Sr. (1944-2024), American head baseball coach
  • Maria Emilia Martin (1950-1951), Mexican-American journalist who primarily focused on Latin American and Latino affairs
  • Gary Martin (1958-2022), American politics reporter, Washington bureau chief who covered the United States Congress for the Las Vegas Review-Journal
  • ... (Another 106 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Air New Zealand Flight 901
  • Miss Sarah Jane Martin (1914-1979), New Zealander passenger, from Blockhouse Bay, Auckland, New Zealand aboard the Air New Zealand Flight 901 for an Antarctic sightseeing flight when it flew into Mount Erebus; she died in the crash 29
  • Mr. Thomas L Martin (1962-1985), American Private from Louisville, Kentucky, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash 30
  • Rudolf Martin (1920-2004), German Maschinengefreiter serving aboard the German Battleship Bismarck during World War II when it was sunk heading to France; he survived the sinking 31
  • Francis Martin, Australian Seamen’s Cook who survived when the ship "Centaur" an Australian hospital ship when torpedoed on 14th May 1943
  • Mrs. Emma Martin (1861-1914), née Payne Canadian Third Class Passenger from Toronto, Ontario, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 32
  • ... (Another 57 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Suggested Readings for the name Martin +

  • Adam Martin (1755-1835) and Thomas Roy Musick (1757-1842), St. Louis County, Missouri, Pioneers by Michal Martin Farmer.
  • Colonial Pioneers: Martin and Bell Families and their Kin by Mary Coates Martin.
  • Deacon John Burnham of Ipswich and Ebenezeer Martin of Rehoboth, Massachusetts by Elisabeth Puckett Martin.
  1. The Norman People and Their Existing Descendants in the British Dominions and the United States Of America. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1975. Print. (ISBN 0-8063-0636-X)
  2. Olivier, Reginald L. Your Ancient Canadian Family Ties. Logan: The Everton Publishers, Inc., P.O. Box 368, 1972. Print
  3. "What are the 5,000 Most Common Last Names in the U.S.?". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/last-names/
  4. "Surnames Meanings, Origins & Distribution Maps - Forebears." Forebears, https://forebears.io/surnames
  5. "The first 1,000 family names by rank, Quebec (in French only)" Institut de la statistique du Quebec, https://statistique.quebec.ca/en/document/family-names-in-quebec/tableau/the-first-1000-family-names-by-rank-quebec
  6. The order of Common Surnames in 1955 in Newfoundland retrieved on 20th October 2021 (retrieved from Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland by E.R. Seary corrected edition ISBN 0-7735-1782-0)
  7. http://www.journaldesfemmes.com/nom-de-famille/nom/
  8. "Most Common Last Names in Australia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/australia/surnames
  9. "Most Common Last Names in New Zealand." Forebears, https://forebears.io/new-zealand/surnames
  10. "UK surname ranking." UK Surname map, https://www.surnamemap.eu/unitedkingdom/surnames_ranking.php?p=10
  11. "List of most common surnames in South America." Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_common_surnames_in_South_America
  12. "Most Common Last Names in South Africa." Forebears, https://forebears.io/south-africa/surnames
  13. Convict Records of Australia. Retrieved 4th February 2021 from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships
  14. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's Retrieved January 6th 2023, retrieved from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  15. Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
  16. Cornwall Online Parish Clerks. (Retrieved 3rd May 2018). Retrieved from http://www.opc-cornwall.org/Resc/pdfs/emigration_ellis_island_1892_on.pdf
  17. Internoscia, Arthur E., and Claire Chevrier. Dictionnaire National des Canadiens Français 1608-1760. Vol. 2, Institut Drouin, 1958.
  18. Debien, Gabriel. Liste Des Engagés Pour Le Canada Au XVIIe Siècle. Vol. 6, Laval University, 1952. (Retreived 24th May 2018). Retrieved from https://lebloguedeguyperron.wordpress.com/2016/06/30/130-liste-des-contrats-dengagement-pour-la-nouvelle-france-releves-a-la-rochelle-entre-1634-et-1679/
  19. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 13th August 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/earl-cornwallis
  20. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 14th July 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/atlas
  21. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 22nd March 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/coromandel-and-experiment
  22. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 28th July 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/duke-of-portland
  23. Cornwall Online Parish Clerks. (Retreived 3rd May 2018). Retrieved from http://www.opc-cornwall.org/Resc/pdfs/emigration_australia_queensland.pdf
  24. New Zealand Yesteryears Passenger Lists 1800 to 1900 (Retrieved 17th October 2018). Retrieved from http://www.yesteryears.co.nz/shipping/passlist.html
  25. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_West_Indies
  26. Cornish in the Caribbean (retrieved on 23rd September 2021). Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=gnSFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA265&lpg=PA265&dq=wallen+lizard+cornwall&source=bl&ots=ARTnm6uRLv&sig=ACfU3U3ewicUaBkTuwC_Gpr0ic-
  27. Pilgrim Ship Lists Early 1600's. Retrieved 23rd September 2021 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  28. Pilgrim Ship Lists Early 1600's retrieved 28th September 2021 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  29. Mount Erebus, Memorial, Roll of Remembrance (Retrieved 2018, February 21st). Retrieved from http://www.erebus.co.nz/memorialandawards/rollofremembrance.aspx
  30. American War Memorials - Flight 1285. (Retrieved 2016, August 24) . Retrieved from http://www.uswarmemorials.org/html/monument_details.php?SiteID=317&MemID=550
  31. Bismarck & Tirpitz Class - Crew List Bismarck. (Retrieved 2018, February 06). Retrieved from https://www.bismarck-class.dk/bismarck/crew/bismarck_crew.html#crew_details
  32. Commemoration Empress of Ireland 2014. (Retrieved 2014, June 17) . Retrieved from http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/listepsc1.html

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