Show ContentsNightingale History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms

Soon after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, the name Nightingale was recognized on the island as a name for a person with a good singing voice. The name is a metaphor likening the original bearer of the name to the nocturnal songbird called a nightingale. Its name is derived from the Old English words niht, meaning night, and galan, meaning to sing. 1

"The name 'night-in-gale' seems peculiarly inappropriate to the bird that sings in the calmest of midsummer nights. The stormy petrel may be blown upon the gale and the cry of the screeching owl may be heard above the noise of the wind, but this bird, the sweetest singer of the woodland, loves profound silence. We find that the termination 'gale' is from the Anglo-Saxon 'galan,' to sing, we can understand that this is the bird who passes the 'night-in-song.' " 2

Early Origins of the Nightingale family

The surname Nightingale was first found in Gloucestershire where the Pipe Rolls of 1176 list Walter Nichtengale. Later in Bedfordshire, Richard Nihtingale was listed in the Assize Rolls of 1227. In Cambridgeshire, Alan Nightegale was listed in the Assize Rolls of 1260 and in Berkshire, Henry Nitingale was listed there in 1281. 1

The Hundredorum Rolls of 1273 list Ralph Niktegale as holding lands in Norfolk at that time. A few years later, Thomas Nightegale was listed in Gloucestershire in 1286 and Andreas Nightyngale, was Member of Parliament for Cricklade, Wiltshire in 1307. 3

Early History of the Nightingale family

This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Nightingale research. Another 83 words (6 lines of text) covering the years 1627, 1645, 1722, 1765, 1768, 1775, 1787, 1788, 1790, 1793, 1794, 1796, 1799, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1809, 1815, 1820, 1824, 1826, 1829, 1839, 1849 and 1947 are included under the topic Early Nightingale History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Nightingale Spelling Variations

Norman surnames are characterized by a multitude of spelling variations. The frequent changes in surnames are largely due to the fact that the Old and Middle English languages lacked definite spelling rules. The introduction of Norman French to England, as well as the official court languages of Latin and French, also had pronounced influences on the spelling of surnames. Since medieval scribes and church officials recorded names as they sounded, rather than adhering to any specific spelling rules, it was common to find the same individual referred to with different spellings. The name has been spelled Nightingale, Nightingall, Nightengale and others.

Early Notables of the Nightingale family

Outstanding amongst the family at this time was

  • Sir Thomas Nightingale (d.1645), High Sheriff of Essex in 1627...
  • He was the progenitor of the Nightingale Baronetcy of Newport Pond...
  • This baronetcy has continued from the inception to today when Sir Charles Manners Gamaliel Nightingale is the 17th Baronet (b.1947.) The ancestral seat of the Nightingale family was held in Kneesworth...
  • The Nightingale estate passed to Robert Gascoigne, cousin to the Sir Robert Nightingale, 4th Baronet (d.1722) for reasons unknown, who also adopted the name and coat of arms of Nightingale...

Nightingale Ranking

In the United States, the name Nightingale is the 7,882nd most popular surname with an estimated 2,487 people with that name. 4 However, in the United Kingdom, the name Nightingale is ranked the 996th most popular surname with an estimated 6,977 people with that name. 5

Ireland Migration of the Nightingale family to Ireland

Some of the Nightingale family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt. More information about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.


United States Nightingale migration to the United States +

Many English families emigrated to North American colonies in order to escape the political chaos in Britain. Unfortunately, many English families made the trip to the New World under extremely harsh conditions. Overcrowding on the ships caused the majority of the immigrants to arrive diseased, famished, and destitute from the long journey across the stormy Atlantic. Despite these hardships, many of the families prospered and went on to make invaluable contributions to the development of the cultures of the United States and Canada. Early North American immigration records have revealed a number of people bearing the name Nightingale or a variant listed above:

Nightingale Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
  • Thomas Nightingale, who settled in Virginia in 1648
  • Tho Nightingale, who landed in Virginia in 1648 6
  • Kath Nightingale, who arrived in Virginia in 1649 6
  • William Nightingale, who arrived in Massachusetts in 1690 6
Nightingale Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
  • Mathew Nightingale, who settled in Virginia in 1764
  • Henry Nightingale, who settled in Charleston in 1792
Nightingale Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
  • Thomas Nightingale, who settled in Philadelphia in 1802
  • A.F. Nightingale, aged 52, who immigrated to the United States, in 1896
Nightingale Settlers in United States in the 20th Century
  • Alma Sabina Nightingale, aged 7, who settled in America from Allett Yorks, England, in 1906
  • Arthur P Nightingale, aged 26, who settled in America from Dorset, in 1906
  • Alice Nightingale, aged 28, who immigrated to America from Bury, England, in 1907
  • Alice Nightingale, aged 21, who landed in America from London, England, in 1908
  • Arthur P. Nightingale, aged 29, who immigrated to the United States from Salisbury, England, in 1908
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Australia Nightingale migration to Australia +

Emigration to Australia followed the First Fleets of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:

Nightingale Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
  • Mr. Charles Nightingale, (b. 1796), aged 17, English carpenter who was convicted in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England for life for uttering forged notes, transported aboard the "Earl Spencer" in May 1813, arriving in New South Wales, Australia, he died in 1860 7
  • Mr. Robert Nightingale, British Convict who was convicted in Stafford, Staffordshire, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Dunvegan Castle" on 13th March 1830, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 8
  • Mr. Richard Nightingale, (b. 1780), aged 51, English farmer who was convicted in Stafford, Staffordshire, England for 14 years for forgery, transported aboard the "Exmouth" on 3rd March 1831, arriving in New South Wales, Australia, he died in 1846 9
  • Mr. Henry Nightingale, English convict who was convicted in London, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Charles Kerr" on 6th June 1837, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 10
  • Mr. William Nightingale, English convict who was convicted in Maidstone, Kent, England for 15 years for theft, transported aboard the "Equestrian" on 25th January 1844, arriving in Tasmania (Van Diemen's Island), he died in 1885 11

New Zealand Nightingale migration to New Zealand +

Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:

Nightingale Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century
  • Mr. Thomas Nightingale, British settler travelling from Gravesend aboard the ship "Evening Star" arriving in Auckland, New Zealand in 1858 12
  • William Nightingale, who arrived in Auckland, New Zealand aboard the ship "Nimroud" in 1860
  • Child Nightingale, (b. 1865), aged Infant, British settler travelling from London aboard the ship "Greyhound" arriving in Lyttelton, Christchurch, South Island, New Zealand on 7th May 1865 12
  • Mrs. Emma Nightingale, (b. 1835), aged 30, British settler travelling from London aboard the ship "Greyhound" arriving in Lyttelton, Christchurch, South Island, New Zealand on 7th May 1865 12
  • Mr. William Nightingale, (b. 1850), aged 24, British settler travelling from London aboard the ship "Peter Denny" arriving in Port Chalmers, Dunedin, Otago, South Island, New Zealand on 26th July 1874 13
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Contemporary Notables of the name Nightingale (post 1700) +

  • John Nightingale (b. 1928), American Olympic figure skater
  • James Nightingale, American Republican politician, Delegate to Republican National Convention from New Jersey, 1868 14
  • Mrs. J. A. Nightingale, American Republican politician, Alternate Delegate to Republican National Convention from Minnesota, 1952 14
  • William Edward Nightingale (1794-1874), English Unitarian and the father of Florence Nightingale
  • Warwick Alan "Wally" Nightingale (1956-1996), English musician, best known as the guitarist and founder of the band the Sex Pistols
  • Mark Daryl Nightingale (b. 1967), English jazz trombonist
  • Anne "Annie" Nightingale MBE (b. 1942), English radio broadcaster
  • Luke Nightingale (b. 1980), English footballer
  • Maxine Nightingale (b. 1952), English singer, best known for her hit "Right Back Where We Started From"
  • Benedict Nightingale (b. 1939), British journalist, former theatre critic for The Times
  • ... (Another 5 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

HMS Repulse
  • Mr. William Nightingale, British Stoker 2ne Class, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 15
USS Arizona
  • Mr. Earl C. Nightingale, American Corporal working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he survived the sinking 16


  1. Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X)
  2. Hargrave, Basil, Origins and Meanings of Popular Phrases & Names. London: T. Werner Laurie Ltd, Cobham House, 24 and 26 Black Friars Lane, 1949. Print
  3. The Norman People and Their Existing Descendants in the British Dominions and the United States Of America. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1975. Print. (ISBN 0-8063-0636-X)
  4. "What are the 5,000 Most Common Last Names in the U.S.?". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/last-names/
  5. "UK surname ranking." UK Surname map, https://www.surnamemap.eu/unitedkingdom/surnames_ranking.php?p=10
  6. Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
  7. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 8th September 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/earl-spencer
  8. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 12th August 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/dunvegan-castle
  9. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 25th May 2022). https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/exmouth
  10. Convict Records of Australia. Retrieved 1st February 2021 from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/charles-kerr
  11. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 4th May 2022). https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/equestrian
  12. New Zealand Yesteryears Passenger Lists 1800 to 1900 (Retrieved 17th October 2018). Retrieved from http://www.yesteryears.co.nz/shipping/passlist.html
  13. New Zealand Yesteryears Passenger Lists 1800 to 1900 (Retrieved 26th March 2019). Retrieved from http://www.yesteryears.co.nz/shipping/passlist.html
  14. The Political Graveyard: Alphabetical Name Index. (Retrieved 2015, December 11) . Retrieved from http://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html
  15. HMS Repulse Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listrepulsecrew.html
  16. Pearl Harbour: USS Arizona Casualties List Pearl Harbour December 7, 1941. (Retrieved 2018, July 31st). Retrieved from http://pearl-harbor.com/arizona/casualtylist.html


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