Cooper History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
Cooper is an Anglo-Saxon name. The name was originally given to a cooper, a person who made and repaired barrels, casks, and buckets. It was a trade highly valued in the Middle Ages, as the construction or waterproof containers was no easy task with the tools of the time.
Early Origins of the Cooper family
The surname Cooper was first found in Sussex but the name is "distributed over the greater part of England, but rare or absent in the northern and south - western counties. It seems to have three principal centres, one in the northern midlands, including Cheshire, another in Sussex and Hants, and a third in Suffolk. The counties especially notable for Coopers are Cheshire, Derbyshire, Hants, Leicestershire and Rutland, Notts, Suffolk, Sussex, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire." 1
The Pipe Rolls include some of the earliest records of the family: Robert (le) Cupere for Surrey (1176-7); ? le Cupers, Norfolk in 1181-2. 2
Early History of the Cooper family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Cooper research. Another 131 words (9 lines of text) covering the years 1552, 1586, 1606, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1621, 1626, 1627, 1631, 1659, 1660, 1672, 1683, 1689, 1731, 1797, 1800 and 1890 are included under the topic Early Cooper History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Cooper Spelling Variations
One relatively recent invention that did much to standardize English spelling was the printing press. However, before its invention even the most literate people recorded their names according to sound rather than spelling. The spelling variations under which the name Cooper has appeared include Cooper, Cowper, Couper, Coupar and others.
Early Notables of the Cooper family
Notables of this surname at this time include:
- Sir John Cooper (1552-1610), English politician, Member of Parliament for Whitchurch in 1586
- Sir John Cooper, 1st Baronet (died 1631), an English landowner and politician
- Samuel Cooper (1609-1672), an English miniature painter
- Alexander Cooper (1609-1660), an English Baroque miniature painter
- Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury PC (1621-1683), an English politician during the Interregnum, a founder of the Whig party and patron of John Locke
- George Cooper (1626-1689), an English politician who fought in the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War
Cooper World Ranking
In the United States, the name Cooper is the 62nd most popular surname with an estimated 281,031 people with that name. 3 However, in Canada, the name Cooper is ranked the 114th most popular surname with an estimated 26,022 people with that name. 4 And in Newfoundland, Canada, the name Cooper is the 55th popular surname with an estimated 456 people with that name. 5 Australia ranks Cooper as 43rd with 41,912 people. 6 New Zealand ranks Cooper as 31st with 5,682 people. 7 The United Kingdom ranks Cooper as 32nd with 104,002 people. 8
Migration of the Cooper family to Ireland
Some of the Cooper family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Another 87 words (6 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Cooper migration to the United States +
At this time, the shores of the New World beckoned many English families that felt that the social climate in England was oppressive and lacked opportunity for change. Thousands left England at great expense in ships that were overcrowded and full of disease. A great portion of these settlers never survived the journey and even a greater number arrived sick, starving, and without a penny. The survivors, however, were often greeted with greater opportunity than they could have experienced back home. These English settlers made significant contributions to those colonies that would eventually become the United States and Canada. An examination of early immigration records and passenger ship lists revealed that people bearing the name Cooper arrived in North America very early:
Cooper Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
- John Cooper, who landed in Virginia in 1618 9
- Justinian Cooper, who arrived in Virginia in 1618 9
- Walter Cooper, (Coop), aged 33, who landed in Virginia in 1619 aboard the ship "Jonathan"
- Humility Cooper, (1619-1639), who landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 aboard the ship "Mayflower" 9
- John Cooper, who arrived in Virginia in 1623 9
- ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Cooper Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
- Semi Cooper, who landed in Virginia in 1704 9
- Richard Cooper, who landed in Virginia in 1705 9
- Esther Cooper, who arrived in Virginia in 1705 9
- Hannah Cooper, who landed in Virginia in 1726 9
- Boice Cooper, who landed in New England in 1740 9
- ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Cooper Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
- Thomas, Cooper Jr., who landed in Allegany (Allegheny) County, Pennsylvania in 1800 9
- William, Cooper Jr., who arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1805 9
- Robert Cooper, who landed in Allegany (Allegheny) County, Pennsylvania in 1810 9
- Mrs. Cooper, who landed in New York, NY in 1811 9
- Allan Cooper, aged 37, who landed in New York in 1812 9
- ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Cooper Settlers in United States in the 20th Century
- Mr. Reginald S. Cooper, (b. 1878), aged 25, Cornish merchant travelling aboard the ship "Philadelphia" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 31st May 1903 en route to New York, USA 10
Cooper migration to Canada +
Some of the first settlers of this family name were:
Cooper Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century
- Francis Cooper, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1749
- George Cooper, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1749
- James Cooper, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1749
- Mary Cooper, who arrived in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1749-1752
- Matthew Cooper, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1749
- ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Cooper Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
- John Cooper, aged 19, who arrived in Canada in 1811
- John Cooper, aged 26, Scottish settler who landed in Red River, Canada in 1811
- John Cooper, who landed in Canada in 1815
- James Cooper, who landed in Canada in 1830
- Humphrey Cooper, who arrived in Canada in 1832
- ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Cooper Settlers in Canada in the 20th Century
- Mrs. E Cooper, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1907
Cooper migration to Australia +
Emigration to
Australia followed the
First Fleets of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:
Cooper Settlers in Australia in the 18th Century
- Mr. Charles Cooper, (b. 1773), aged 24, English groom who was convicted in Leicester, Leicestershire, England for life for theft, transported aboard the "Barwell" in September 1797, arriving in New South Wales, Australia, he died in 1820 11
- Mr. Thomas Cooper, (Cappur, Williams, John), (b. 1771), aged 26, English convict who was convicted in Shropshire, England for life for burglary, transported aboard the "Barwell" in September 1797, arriving in New South Wales, Australia, he died in 1828 11
- Miss Mary Cooper, (Chapman), English convict who was convicted in Surrey, England for 14 years, transported aboard the "Britannia III" on 18th July 1798, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 12
Cooper Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
- Mr. Henry Cooper, British Convict who was convicted in Derby, Derbyshire, England for 14 years, transported aboard the "Earl Cornwallis" in August 1800, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 13
- Mr. Robert Cooper, British convict who was convicted in Dorset, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Calcutta" in February 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia, the settlement was listed as abandoned and most of the convicts transported to Tasmania on the "Queen" in 1804 14
- Mr. William Cooper, British convict who was convicted in Southampton, England for life, transported aboard the "Calcutta" in February 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia, the settlement was listed as abandoned and most of the convicts transported to Tasmania on the "Queen" in 1804 14
- Mr. Robert Cooper, British Convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Coromandel" on 4th December 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 15
- John Cooper, English convict from Staffordshire, who was transported aboard the "Ann" on August 1809, settling in New South Wales, Australia 16
- ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Cooper migration to New Zealand +
Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:
Cooper Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century
- Thomas Cooper, who landed in Bay of Islands, New Zealand in 1836
- H Cooper, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1839
- Mrs. Cooper, Australian settler travelling from Sydney in April 1840 aboard the ship "H.M.S. Buffalo " arriving in Bay of Islands, North Island, New Zealand in 1840 17
- D Cooper, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1840
- Samuel Cooper, who landed in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840
- ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Cooper migration to West Indies +
The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association.
18Cooper Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century
- George Cooper, who settled in Barbados in 1663
Contemporary Notables of the name Cooper (post 1700) +
- Anderson Hays Cooper (b. 1967), American Peabody Award and five-time Emmy Award winning, journalist, television personality, and author, primary anchor of the CNN news show Anderson Cooper 360°, son of Gloria Vanderbilt
- Pat Cooper (1929-2023), born Pasquale Caputo, an American actor and comedian, known for his appearances in The Howard Stern Show, Imus in the Morning and Opie and Anthony, nicknamed the "Comedian of Outrage"
- Christopher Daniel "Chris" Cooper (1978-2023), American Major League Baseball pitcher for San Marino Baseball Club in the Italian Baseball League
- Barbara Lee Ward Cooper (1929-2022), American politician and a Democratic member of the Tennessee House of Representatives for the 86th District (1996-2022)
- John Madison Cooper (1939-2022), American philosopher from Memphis, Tennessee, Emeritus Henry Putnam University Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University
- Artis Wayne Cooper (1956-2022), American NBA basketball player (1978-1992), born in Milan, Georgia, Sun Belt Player of the Year (1978)
- Wyatt Emory Cooper (1927-1978), American author, screenwriter, and actor, fourth husband of Vanderbilt heiress and socialite Gloria Vanderbilt and the father of CNN anchor Anderson Cooper
- Ken Cooper (1937-2017), American football player and coach
- Robert E. Cooper Sr. (1920-2016), American jurist, Justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court (1974-1990)
- George "Buster" Cooper (1929-2016), American jazz trombonist
- ... (Another 40 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Historic Events for the Cooper family +
- Mr. Walter Cooper (d. 1914), British Assistant Steward from United Kingdom who worked aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 19
- Mr. Percy Daniel Cooper (1894-1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from Toronto, Ontario, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 20
Fraterville mine
- Mr. John L. Cooper (d. 1902), American coal miner at Fraterville mine in Tennessee, on the 19th May 1902 when an explosion collapsed the mine; he died 21
- Mr. James F. Cooper (d. 1902), American coal miner at Fraterville mine in Tennessee, on the 19th May 1902 when an explosion collapsed the mine; he died 21
- Mr. Thomas Cooper (d. 1902), American coal miner at Fraterville mine in Tennessee, on the 19th May 1902 when an explosion collapsed the mine; he died 21
- Baby Cooper, Canadian resident from Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 22
- Master Howard Cooper (1917-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who survived the Halifax Explosion (1917) but later died due to injuries 22
- Master Arthur H. Cooper (1917-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 22
- Mrs. Mary Ella Cooper (1877-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 22
- Mrs. Jennie Cooper (1892-1917), Canadian resident from Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 22
- ... (Another 1 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
- Mr. Rex Albert Cooper (1920-1941), Australian Able Seaman from Randwick, New South Wales, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 23
- Mr. Bertie Cooper (1919-1941), Australian Able Seaman from Auburn, Victoria, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 23
- Mr. Reginald Cooper (1918-1941), Australian Stoker from Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 23
- Mr. Arthur Donald Wilfred Cooper (1923-1941), Australian Stoker 2nd Class from Wheelers Hill, Victoria, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 23
- Mr. Alfred Langley Cooper (1919-1941), Australian Leading Stoker from Oakleigh, Victoria, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 23
HMS Halsted
- Mr. Alfred Henry Cooper, British Royal Navy stoker 1st class from Essex, England was stationed aboard the "HMS Halsted" when it was struck by torpedo by Jaguar and Mowe of the Cherbourg coast on 11th June 1944, he did not survive
- Mr. John Cooper (b. 1921), English Marine serving for the Royal Marine from Doncaster, Yorkshire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 24
- Mr. George W Cooper (b. 1912), Italian Ordinary Coder serving for the Royal Navy from Turin, Piedmont, Italy, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 24
- Mr. Geoffrey G Cooper (b. 1919), English Able Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Burnley, Hampshire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 24
- Mr. Frederick G D Cooper (b. 1912), English Mechanician 2nd Class serving for the Royal Navy from Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 24
- Mr. Alan C Cooper (b. 1922), English Able Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Stubbington, Hampshire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 24
- Mr. Ronald Henry Cooper, British Able Bodied Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and died in the sinking 25
- Mr. Percy Cooper, British Able Bodied Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 25
- Mr. Percy Edward Cooper, British Bandmaster, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 25
- Mr. Kenneth Cooper, British Ordinary Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and died in the sinking 25
- Mr. Gerald H Cooper, British Ordinary Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 25
- Mr. J H Cooper, British Able Bodied Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 26
- Mr. James Victor Cooper, British Leading Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and died in the sinking 26
HMS Royal Oak
- Norman Cooper (d. 1939), British Able Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 27
- Leslie Lister Cooper (1917-1939), British Able Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 27
Monongah Mine
- Mr. Fay Cooper (b. 1891), Italian coal miner who was in mine 6 at the Monongah mine on 6th December 1907 when it exploded and collapsed; he died 28
- Mr. Fred Cooper (b. 1884), Italian coal miner who was in mine 6 at the Monongah mine on 6th December 1907 when it exploded and collapsed; he died 28
North Sea Flood
- Samuel Cooper, British traveler aboard the ferry "Princess Victoria" who survived the North Sea Flood, a major storm surge in 1953
- Mrs. Nellie Elizabeth Cooper, American 3rd Class passenger from New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking 29
- Master Joseph E. Cooper, American 3rd Class passenger from New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking 29
- Mr. Frederick Cooper, English Fourth Baker from England, who worked aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and survived the sinking 30
- Mr. Harry Cooper (d. 1912), aged 26, English Fireman/Stoker from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 31
- Mr. James Edward Cooper (d. 1912), aged 25, English Trimmer from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 31
- Mr. John Cooper, Newfoundlander from Bonavista, who on the 30th March 1914 he was part of the Seal Crew of the "SS Newfoundland" leaving the ship to intercept the Stephano which took him to the hunting grounds, he disembarked to begin sealing, but was caught in a thickening storm, attempting to return to the Newfoundland he and the 132 crew made camp for two days the sealers were stranded on the ice in a blizzard attempting to return to the ship, he survived
- Mr. Richard Cooper (b. 1891), Newfoundlander from Bonavista, who on the 30th March 1914 he was part of the Seal Crew of the "SS Newfoundland" leaving the ship to intercept the Stephano which took him to the hunting grounds, he disembarked to begin sealing, but was caught in a thickening storm, attempting to return to the Newfoundland he and the 132 crew made camp for two days the sealers were stranded on the ice in a blizzard attempting to return to the ship, he survived
- Mr. Tobias Cooper (b. 1881), Newfoundlander from Bonavista, who on the 30th March 1914 he was part of the Seal Crew of the "SS Newfoundland" leaving the ship to intercept the Stephano which took him to the hunting grounds, he disembarked to begin sealing, but was caught in a thickening storm, attempting to return to the Newfoundland he and the 132 crew made camp for two days the sealers were stranded on the ice in a blizzard attempting to return to the ship, he survived
Triangle Waist Company
- Miss Sarah Cooper (b. 1895), Russian Jewish garment worker who was working at Triangle Waist Company factory at the Asch building in Greenwich Village on the 25th March 1911 when fire broke out; she died in the fire 32
USS Arizona
- Mr. Kenneth Erven Cooper, American Fireman Second Class from California, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 33
- Mr. Clarence Eugene Cooper, American Fireman Second Class from California, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 33
Victoria steamboat disaster
- Fannie D. Cooper, Canadian passenger who was killed in the Victoria steamboat disaster when the boat capsized in 1881
Suggested Readings for the name Cooper +
- A Confederate Soldier and His Descendants by Norman Lee Cooper.
- Cooper Family History, 1730-1982 by Thomas R. Bryan.
- The Cooper Family of Maryland by F. William Cooper Gateway Press 1972.
Citations +
- Guppy, Henry Brougham, Homes of Family Names in Great Britain. 1890. Print.
- Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X)
- "What are the 5,000 Most Common Last Names in the U.S.?". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/last-names/
- "Surnames Meanings, Origins & Distribution Maps - Forebears." Forebears, https://forebears.io/surnames
- The order of Common Surnames in 1955 in Newfoundland retrieved on 20th October 2021 (retrieved from Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland by E.R. Seary corrected edition ISBN 0-7735-1782-0)
- "Most Common Last Names in Australia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/australia/surnames
- "Most Common Last Names in New Zealand." Forebears, https://forebears.io/new-zealand/surnames
- "UK surname ranking." UK Surname map, https://www.surnamemap.eu/unitedkingdom/surnames_ranking.php?p=10
- Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
- Cornwall Online Parish Clerks. (Retrieved 3rd May 2018). Retrieved from http://www.opc-cornwall.org/Resc/pdfs/emigration_ellis_island_1892_on.pdf
- Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 29th September 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/barwell
- Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 30th October 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/Britannia
- Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 13th August 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/earl-cornwallis
- Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 25th November 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/calcutta
- Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 22nd March 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/coromandel-and-experiment
- State Library of Queensland. (Retrieved 2016, October 27) Ann voyage to New South Wales, Australia in 1809 with 200 passengers. Retrieved from http://www.convictrecords.com.au/ships/ann/1809
- New Zealand Yesteryears Passenger Lists 1800 to 1900 (Retrieved 17th October 2018). Retrieved from http://www.yesteryears.co.nz/shipping/passlist.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_West_Indies
- Commemoration Empress of Ireland 2014. (Retrieved 2014, June 17) . Retrieved from http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/listepsc1.html
- Commemoration Empress of Ireland 2014. (Retrieved 2014, June 16) . Retrieved from http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/listepsc1.html
- News paper article Fraterville Mine Disaster retrieved on 6th August 2021. (Retrieved from http://www.tn.gov/tsla/exhibits/disasters/fraterville.htm).
- Halifax Explosion Book of Remembrance | Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. (Retrieved 2014, June 23) . Retrieved from https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/halifax-explosion/halifax-explosion-book-remembrance
- HMAS Sydney II, Finding Sydney Foundation - Roll of Honour. (Retrieved 2014, April 24) . Retrieved from http://www.findingsydney.com/roll.asp
- H.M.S. Hood Association-Battle Cruiser Hood: Crew Information - H.M.S. Hood Rolls of Honour, Men Lost in the Sinking of H.M.S. Hood, 24th May 1941. (Retrieved 2016, July 15) . Retrieved from http://www.hmshood.com/crew/memorial/roh_24may41.htm
- HMS Prince of Wales Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listprincecrew.html
- HMS Repulse Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listrepulsecrew.html
- Ships hit by U-boats crew list HMS Royal Oak (08) - (Retrieved 2018 February, 9th) - retrieved from https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/crews/ship68.html
- Monongah Mining Disaster retrieved on 8th August 2021. (Retrieved fromhttps://usminedisasters.miningquiz.com/saxsewell/monongah.htm).
- Lusitania Passenger List - The Lusitania Resource. (Retrieved 2014, March 7) . Retrieved from http://www.rmslusitania.info/lusitania-passenger-list/
- Lusitania Passenger List - The Lusitania Resource. (Retrieved 2014, March 6) . Retrieved from http://www.rmslusitania.info/lusitania-passenger-list/
- Titanic Passenger List - Titanic Facts. (Retrieved 2016, July 13) . Retrieved from http://www.titanicfacts.net/titanic-passenger-list.html
- Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (retrieved on 3rd August 2021.) Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_Shirtwaist_Factory_fire
- Pearl Harbour: USS Arizona Casualties List Pearl Harbour December 7, 1941. (Retrieved 2018, July 31st). Retrieved from http://pearl-harbor.com/arizona/casualtylist.html