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| Related Stories | + |
- Family Crests: Elements
- Anglo-Saxons: the birth of Old English from early German (Saxon) settlers (about 450-1066)
- England: how does it relate to Surnames?
- Spelling variations: Why the spellings of names have changed over the centuries
- Normandy, northern France, home to the Normans
- Hundred: an early Norse term typically denoting 100 households
| Sources | + |
- Hanks, Patricia and Flavia Hodges, A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. Print. (ISBN 0-19-211592-8)
- Lower, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print.

