Show ContentsWhite History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms

The bearers of White and its variants are generally thought to have come from the noble family of Le Blancs in Normandy, who traveled to England in the wake of the Norman Conquest. Although the name certainly came to Britain from Normandy, there is some speculation that it already existed in Britain prior to the conquest. The word "white" itself is derived from the Old English word "hwit." This name was most likely originally used as a nickname for a person with white hair or a pale complexion.

Early Origins of the White family

The surname White was first found in Durham, but we must look to South Warnborough in Southampton for one of the most interesting stories about the family. "The church is very ancient, with a fine Norman arch at the entrance; in the chancel is a curious monument to Sir Thomas White and his family. Tradition says that Queen Elizabeth, when residing at Odiham, rode over to the manor-house here, and after partaking of breakfast with the above-mentioned Thomas White, knighted him in his own saloon." [1]

Early History of the White family

This web page shows only a small excerpt of our White research. Another 191 words (14 lines of text) covering the years 1086, 1106, 1172, 1236, 1327, 1560, 1579, 1585, 1593, 1620, 1628, 1630, 1656, 1657, 1676, 1685, 1686, 1690, 1698, 1704 and 1890 are included under the topic Early White History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

White Spelling Variations

Spelling variations of this family name include: White, Whyte, Wight and others.

Early Notables of the White family

Outstanding amongst the family at this time was

  • John White (c.1585), an English painter and cartographer who was sent to Roanoke Island (now in North Carolina) as artist, mapmaker, and later as governor
  • Andrew White (1579-1656), a Jesuit theology professor who went to Maryland as the head of a band of missionaries
  • Thomas White (1593-1676), an English Roman Catholic priest and scholar, known as a theologian, censured by the Inquisition
  • Thomas White (1628-1698), English Bishop of Peterborough from 1685 to 1690
  • Dorothy White (c. 1630-1686), an English Quaker and writer of religious pamphlets from Weymouth, Dorset
  • Peregrine White (1620 aboard the Mayflower-1704), the first English child born to the Pilgrims in the New World

White World Ranking

In the United States, the name White is the 14th most popular surname with an estimated 693,873 people with that name. [2] However, in Canada, the name White is ranked the 21st most popular surname with an estimated 56,772 people with that name. [3] And in Quebec, Canada, the name White is the 579th popular surname. [4] Newfoundland, Canada ranks White as 1st with 1,835 people. [5] Australia ranks White as 9th with 64,439 people. [6] New Zealand ranks White as 15th with 6,311 people. [7] The United Kingdom ranks White as 15th with 131,849 people. [8] South Africa ranks White as 549th with 12,753 people. [9]

Ireland Migration of the White family to Ireland

Some of the White family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Another 114 words (8 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.


United States White migration to the United States +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

White Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
  • Mr. William White, who arrived in Jamestown, Virginia aboard the ship "Discovery" in 1607 [10]
  • Mr. Edward White, who arrived in Virginia in 1619 aboard the ship "Bona Nova" [10]
  • Mr. William White, (c. 1586- 1621), who arrived in Plymouth in 1620 aboard the ship "Mayflower" [10]
  • Mrs. Susanna White, (nee Jackson), (b. 1592), who arrived in Plymouth in 1620 aboard the ship "Mayflower", died between 1654 - 1674 [10]
  • Mr. Resolved White, (1615-1690), who arrived in Plymouth in 1620 aboard the ship "Mayflower" [10]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
White Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
  • George White, who landed in North Carolina in 1701 [11]
  • Abigail White, who landed in North Carolina in 1701 [11]
  • Adam White, who arrived in Virginia in 1703 [11]
  • Dennis White, who arrived in Virginia in 1714 [11]
  • Claude White, who landed in Massachusetts in 1755-1768 [11]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
White Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
  • Alice White, aged 50, who landed in New York, NY in 1804 [11]
  • Catherine White, aged 22, who arrived in New York, NY in 1804 [11]
  • Eleanor White, aged 18, who arrived in New York, NY in 1804 [11]
  • Donald White, who arrived in North Carolina in 1811 [11]
  • Archibald White, aged 36, who landed in Maine in 1812 [11]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
White Settlers in United States in the 20th Century
  • Miss Jane White, aged 18, British settler who arrived in New York aboard the ship "Cynosure" in 1863

Canada White migration to Canada +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

White Settlers in Canada in the 17th Century
White Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century
  • Arthur White, who arrived in Ferryland, Newfoundland in 1706 [12]
  • Ann White, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1750
  • Elizabeth White, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1750
  • Mary White, who settled in Nova Scotia in 1774
  • Mr. Amos White U.E. who settled in Bell Vue, Beaver Harbor, Charlotte County, New Brunswick c. 1783 [13]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
White Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
  • Margaret White, who settled in Quebec in 1829
  • Elijah D White, who landed in Canada in 1831
  • Michael White, aged 26, a labourer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Hibernia" from Kinsale, Ireland
  • Catherine White, aged 24, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Hibernia" from Kinsale, Ireland
  • Ellen White, aged 26, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Britannia" from Sligo, Ireland
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Australia White migration to Australia +

Emigration to Australia followed the First Fleets of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:

White Settlers in Australia in the 18th Century
White Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
  • Mr. Edward White, Irish convict who was convicted in Kilkenny, Ireland for 7 years, transported aboard the "Atlas" on 29th November 1801, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [15]
  • Mr. James White, Irish convict who was convicted in Dublin, Ireland for life, transported aboard the "Atlas" on 29th November 1801, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [15]
  • Mr. John White, Irish convict who was convicted in Kilkenny, Ireland for 7 years, transported aboard the "Atlas" on 29th November 1801, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [15]
  • Miss Catherine White, (Perkins, McMahon), (b. 1780), aged 23, British Convict who was convicted in Hampshire, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Experiment" on 4th December 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia, she died in 1860 [16]
  • Mr. Richard White, English convict who was convicted in Hertford, Hertfordshire, England for life, transported aboard the "Duke of Portland" in January 1807, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [17]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

New Zealand White migration to New Zealand +

Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:

White Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century
  • John White, who landed in Bay of Islands, New Zealand in 1834 aboard the ship Murray
  • W White, who landed in Hokianga, New Zealand in 1834
  • Henry White, who landed in Hokianga, New Zealand in 1839
  • Francis White, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1840
  • George White, who landed in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840 aboard the ship Aurora
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

West Indies White migration to West Indies +

The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association. [18]
White Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century
  • Mr. William White, (b. 1604), aged 30, British settler travelling from London, UK arriving in St Christopher (St. Kitts) on 5th January 1634 [11]
  • Mr. Michell White, (b. 1616), aged 18, British settler travelling from London, UK arriving in St Christopher (St. Kitts) on 5th January 1634 [11]
  • Mr. John White, (b. 1607), aged 27, British settler travelling from London, UK arriving in St Christopher (St. Kitts) on 5th January 1634 [11]
  • Mr. George White, (b. 1607), aged 27, British settler travelling from London, UK arriving in St Christopher (St. Kitts) on 5th January 1634 [11]
  • Mr. George White, (b. 1617), aged 18, British settler travelling from London, England aboard the ship "Alexander" arriving in Barbados in 1635 [19]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
White Settlers in West Indies in the 18th Century
  • Ellinor White, who landed in Barbados in 1738 [11]

Contemporary Notables of the name White (post 1700) +

  • Betty Marion White Ludden (1922-2021), American five time Primetime Emmy Award, two Daytime Emmy Award winning actress and comedian, her career spanned seven decades, the first woman to produce a sitcom (Life with Elizabeth), which contributed to her being named honorary Mayor of Hollywood in 1955, best known for her roles as Sue Ann Nivens on the CBS sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1973–1977), Rose Nylund on the NBC sitcom The Golden Girls (1985–1992), and Elka Ostrovsky on the TV Land sitcom Hot in Cleveland (2010–2015), inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1995
  • Byron Raymond "Whizzer" White (1917-2002), American Rhodes Scholar, associate justice of the Supreme Court, and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom [20]
  • Elwyn Brooks "E.B." White (1899-1985), American essayist/children's novelist awarded a special citation in 1978 by the Pulitzer Prize board and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom
  • Peter White (1937-2023), American actor, known for Dave (1993), Thirteen Days (2000) and Armageddon (1998)
  • Vanna Marie White (b. 1957), née Rosich, an American television personality and game-show hostess, best known as the co-host of the game show Wheel of Fortune since 1982
  • Dean V. White (1923-2016), American billionaire entrepreneur, born in Norfolk, Nebraska
  • Bruce W. White (1952-2023), American businessman and founder of the hotel management company White Lodging, son of billionaire businessman Dean White
  • Charles Raymond White (1958-2023), American NFL football running back who played for nine seasons during the 1980s, inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame
  • Fred E. White (1955-2023), born Frederick Eugene Adams, an American musician and songwriter, member of Earth, Wind & Fire, inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2000
  • Ted White (1926-2022), stage name of Alex Bayouth, an American stuntman and actor, best known for playing Jason Voorhees in Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter
  • ... (Another 88 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Arrow Air Flight 1285
  • Mr. Emery S White (1957-1985), American Staff Sergeant from Clarksville, Tennessee, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash [21]
Empress of Ireland
  • Mr. John Bell White, British 7th Engineer from United Kingdom who worked aboard the Empress of Ireland (1914) and survived the sinking [22]
  • Mr. Henry White, British Trimmer from United Kingdom who worked aboard the Empress of Ireland (1914) and survived the sinking [22]
  • Mrs. Mary Ann White (1861-1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from Guelph, Ontario, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking [22]
  • Miss Jessie White (1901-1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from Guelph, Ontario, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking [22]
  • Miss Alma May White (1893-1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from London, Ontario, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking [22]
  • ... (Another 1 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Flight 191
  • E White (d. 1979), American passenger from USA, who flew aboard American Airlines Flight 191 and died in the crash [23]
Fraterville mine
  • Mr. John M. White (d. 1902), American coal miner at Fraterville mine in Tennessee, on the 19th May 1902 when an explosion collapsed the mine; he died [24]
Halifax Explosion
  • Mr. James  White (1854-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who survived the Halifax Explosion (1917) but later died due to injuries [25]
  • Mr. Joseph  White (1854-1917), Canadian resident from Richmond, Nova Scotia, Canada who survived the Halifax Explosion (1917) but later died due to injuries [25]
  • Miss Gladys Frances  White (1912-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) [25]
  • Miss Marcella  White (1912-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) [25]
  • Mrs. Susie  White (1885-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) [25]
  • ... (Another 2 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
HMAS Sydney II
  • Mr. Robert George White (1919-1941), Australian Able Seaman from Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking [26]
  • Mr. Hans James Leo White (1921-1941), Australian Signalman from Croxton, Victoria, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking [26]
HMS Hood
  • Mr. Harry White (b. 1922), English Marine serving for the Royal Marine from Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking [27]
  • Mr. Edward H White (b. 1910), English Petty Officer Telegraphist serving for the Royal Navy from Newport, Isle of Wight, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking [27]
  • Mr. Arthur White (b. 1918), English Wireman serving for the Royal Navy from Hockley, Essex, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking [27]
HMS Prince of Wales
  • Mr. William W White, British Able Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking [28]
  • Mr. William E White, British Able Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking [28]
  • Mr. W T White, British Gunner, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking [28]
  • Mr. Alec F White, British Able Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking [28]
HMS Royal Oak
  • Phillip A. White, British Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking [29]
  • George R. White, British Boy 1st Class with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking [29]
  • Frank White, British Marine with the Royal Marine aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking [29]
  • William Raymond White (1920-1939), British Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking [29]
  • Joseph White (1909-1939), British Leading Stoker with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking [29]
  • ... (Another 4 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
North Sea Flood
  • Leonard Arthur White, British worker aboard the ferry "Princess Victoria" killed in the North Sea Flood, a major storm surge in 1953
  • Robert White, British traveler aboard the ferry "Princess Victoria" killed in the North Sea Flood, a major storm surge in 1953
Pan Am Flight 103 (Lockerbie)
  • Jonathan White (1955-1988), American Accountant from North Hollywood, California, America, who flew aboard the Pan Am Flight 103 from Frankfurt to Detroit, known as the Lockerbie bombing in 1988 and died [30]
RMS Titanic
  • Mr Edward Joseph White (d. 1912), aged 27, English Glory Hole Steward from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking and was recovered by CS Mackay-Bennett [31]
  • Mr. L. White (d. 1912), aged 32, English First Class Saloon Steward from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking [31]
  • Mr. Alfred White (d. 1912), aged 32, English Trimmer from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking [31]
  • Mr. Frank Leonard White (d. 1912), aged 28, English Leading Fireman from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking [31]
  • Mr. William George White, aged 23, English Greaser from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and survived the sinking escaping on life boat 4 [31]
  • ... (Another 3 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Senghenydd colliery
  • Mr. John White (b. 1880), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died
  • Mr. William Henry White (b. 1889), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died
SS Atlantic
  • Geo White, who was traveling aboard the ship "SS Atlantic" when it struck rocks off Nova Scotia in 1873, died in the sinking
SS Caribou
  • Mr. Raymond George White (b. 1914), Newfoundland passenger who was Royal Navy from Cottle's Island, Newfoundland and Labrador was travelling aboard the railway ferry "SS Caribou" when it was struck by a German submarine torpedo on 14th October 1942, the most significant sinking in Canadian waters at that time, he died in the sinking
  • Mr. Joseph White, Newfoundland passenger who was Royal Navy from Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador was travelling aboard the railway ferry "SS Caribou" when it was struck by a German submarine torpedo on 14th October 1942, the most significant sinking in Canadian waters at that time, he survived the sinking
  • Mr. A. J. White, British passenger who was Royal Air Force was travelling aboard the railway ferry "SS Caribou" when it was struck by a German submarine torpedo on 14th October 1942, the most significant sinking in Canadian waters at that time, he survived the sinking
SS Newfoundland
  • Mr. Luke White, Newfoundlander from Somerville, who on the 30th March 1914 he was part of the Seal Crew of the "SS Newfoundland" leaving the ship to intercept the Stephano which took him to the hunting grounds, he disembarked to begin sealing, but was caught in a thickening storm, attempting to return to the Newfoundland he and the 132 crew made camp for two days the sealers were stranded on the ice in a blizzard attempting to return to the ship, he survived
  • Mr. William J. White (b. 1870), Newfoundlander from New Perlican, who on the 30th March 1914 he was part of the Seal Crew of the "SS Newfoundland" leaving the ship to intercept the Stephano which took him to the hunting grounds, he disembarked to begin sealing, but was caught in a thickening storm, attempting to return to the Newfoundland he and the 132 crew made camp for two days the sealers were stranded on the ice in a blizzard attempting to return to the ship, he survived
SS Southern Cross
  • Mr. William White (1888-1914), Newfoundlander from St. Mary's who was aboard the "SS Southern Cross" when it is suspected she sank between the 31st March 1914 and early April during the storm with a heavy load of pelts; no survivors were ever found
USS Arizona
  • Mr. Thomas A. White, American Boatswain's Mate Second Class working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he survived the sinking [32]
  • Mr. Volmer Dowin White, American Seaman First Class from Mississippi, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking [32]
  • Mr. Charles William White, American Musician Second Class working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking [32]
  • Mr. James Clifton White, American Fireman First Class from Texas, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking [32]
  • Mr. Vernon Russell White, American Seaman First Class from South Carolina, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking [32]


Suggested Readings for the name White +

  • The Ancestors of Daniel White, 1777-1836 and His Wife, Sarah Ford by Paula Porter Griffin.
  • Ancestral Chronological Record of the William White Family, from 1607-8 to 1895 By Thomas and Samuel Whit.
  • Family Ties of Roy Harold Murray: Ancestors and Descendants of the Murray, White, Waybright Families by Miriam Adams Cloud Murray.

  1. Lewis, Samuel, A Topographical Dictionary of England. Institute of Historical Research, 1848, Print.
  2. "What are the 5,000 Most Common Last Names in the U.S.?". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/last-names/
  3. "Surnames Meanings, Origins & Distribution Maps - Forebears." Forebears, https://forebears.io/surnames
  4. "The first 1,000 family names by rank, Quebec (in French only)" Institut de la statistique du Quebec, https://statistique.quebec.ca/en/document/family-names-in-quebec/tableau/the-first-1000-family-names-by-rank-quebec
  5. The order of Common Surnames in 1955 in Newfoundland retrieved on 20th October 2021 (retrieved from Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland by E.R. Seary corrected edition ISBN 0-7735-1782-0)
  6. "Most Common Last Names in Australia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/australia/surnames
  7. "Most Common Last Names in New Zealand." Forebears, https://forebears.io/new-zealand/surnames
  8. "UK surname ranking." UK Surname map, https://www.surnamemap.eu/unitedkingdom/surnames_ranking.php?p=10
  9. "Most Common Last Names in South Africa." Forebears, https://forebears.io/south-africa/surnames
  10. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's Retrieved January 6th 2023, retrieved from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  11. Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
  12. Seary E.R., Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland, Montreal: McGill's-Queen's Universtity Press 1998 ISBN 0-7735-1782-0
  13. Rubincam, Milton. The Old United Empire Loyalists List. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc, 1976. (Originally published as; United Empire Loyalists. The Centennial of the Settlement of Upper Canada. Rose Publishing Company, 1885.) ISBN 0-8063-0331-X
  14. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 29th September 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/barwell
  15. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 14th July 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/atlas
  16. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 22nd March 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/coromandel-and-experiment
  17. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 28th July 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/duke-of-portland
  18. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_West_Indies
  19. Pilgrim Ship Lists Early 1600's retrieved 28th September 2021 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  20. Byron White. (Retrieved 2010, September 27) Byron White. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron_White
  21. American War Memorials - Flight 1285. (Retrieved 2016, August 24) . Retrieved from http://www.uswarmemorials.org/html/monument_details.php?SiteID=317&MemID=550
  22. Commemoration Empress of Ireland 2014. (Retrieved 2014, June 17) . Retrieved from http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/listepsc1.html
  23. Flight 191's Victims - latimes. (Retrieved 2014, April 16) . Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/1985-08-04/news/mn-4349_1_fort-lauderdale-area
  24. News paper article Fraterville Mine Disaster retrieved on 6th August 2021. (Retrieved from http://www.tn.gov/tsla/exhibits/disasters/fraterville.htm).
  25. Halifax Explosion Book of Remembrance | Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. (Retrieved 2014, June 23) . Retrieved from https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/halifax-explosion/halifax-explosion-book-remembrance
  26. HMAS Sydney II, Finding Sydney Foundation - Roll of Honour. (Retrieved 2014, April 24) . Retrieved from http://www.findingsydney.com/roll.asp
  27. H.M.S. Hood Association-Battle Cruiser Hood: Crew Information - H.M.S. Hood Rolls of Honour, Men Lost in the Sinking of H.M.S. Hood, 24th May 1941. (Retrieved 2016, July 15) . Retrieved from http://www.hmshood.com/crew/memorial/roh_24may41.htm
  28. HMS Prince of Wales Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listprincecrew.html
  29. Ships hit by U-boats crew list HMS Royal Oak (08) - (Retrieved 2018 February, 9th) - retrieved from https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/crews/ship68.html
  30. Pan Am Flight 103's victims: A list of those killed 25 years ago | syracuse.com. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/12/pan_am_flight_103s_victims_a_list_of_those_killed_25_years_ago.html
  31. Titanic Passenger List - Titanic Facts. (Retrieved 2016, July 13) . Retrieved from http://www.titanicfacts.net/titanic-passenger-list.html
  32. Pearl Harbour: USS Arizona Casualties List Pearl Harbour December 7, 1941. (Retrieved 2018, July 31st). Retrieved from http://pearl-harbor.com/arizona/casualtylist.html


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