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| Related Stories | + |
- Family Crests: Elements
- Hereditary Surnames: the story of why we have surname today
- Nicknames: surnames that typically refer to characteristics of the original bearer of the name
- Spelling variations: Why the spellings of names have changed over the centuries
- Hundredorum Rolls
- Family seat: the feudal principal residence of the landed gentry and aristocracy
| Sources | + |
- The Norman People and Their Existing Descendants in the British Dominions and the United States Of America. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1975. Print. (ISBN 0-8063-0636-X)

