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| Related Stories | + |
- Family Crests: Elements
- Anglo-Saxons: the birth of Old English from early German (Saxon) settlers (about 450-1066)
- Nicknames: surnames that typically refer to characteristics of the original bearer of the name
- Spelling variations: Why the spellings of names have changed over the centuries
- Hundredorum Rolls
- Feet of Fines, originally the foot of fine
| Sources | + |
- Arthur, William , An Etymological Dictionary of Family and Christian Names. London: 1857. Print
- Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X)

