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| Related Stories | + |
- Family Crests: Elements
- Anglo-Saxons: the birth of Old English from early German (Saxon) settlers (about 450-1066)
- Spelling variations: Why the spellings of names have changed over the centuries
- Family seat: the feudal principal residence of the landed gentry and aristocracy
- Hundred: an early Norse term typically denoting 100 households
| Sources | + |
- Lower, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print.
- Guppy, Henry Brougham, Homes of Family Names in Great Britain. 1890. Print.

