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| Related Stories | + |
- Family Crests: Elements
- Anglo-Saxons: the birth of Old English from early German (Saxon) settlers (about 450-1066)
- Spelling variations: Why the spellings of names have changed over the centuries
- Norman Conquest: the famous 1066 invasion of England
- Hundred: an early Norse term typically denoting 100 households
- England: how does it relate to Surnames?
| Sources | + |
- Harrison, Henry, Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary Baltimore: Geneological Publishing Company, 2013. Print
- Arthur, William , An Etymological Dictionary of Family and Christian Names. London: 1857. Print

