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Show ContentsRoberts History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
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Family Crest Download (JPG) Heritage Series - 600 DPI

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The Roberts surname is derived from the personal name Robert. This name was originally came from the Old German words "hrod" and "behrt," which mean "fame" and "bright." It was introduced to Britain by Normans during the time of Edward the Confessor, and became very popular. 1 A large number of diminutives and pet-forms were derived from this name in early times.

Early Origins of the Roberts family

The surname Roberts was first found in Kent, where a Willelmus filius Roberti was listed in the Domesday Book. Also from the Domesday Book, 2 we find a Robert the Bursar, Sheriff of Worcestershire, who held a castle at Tamworth, Staffordshire and had holdings in Gloucester, Leicester, Lincoln and Warwick; as well as Robert, son of Fafiton, who had holdings in Bedford, Cambridge, Huntingdon, and Middlesex. 2

In the parish of Lanhydrock in Cornwall, an extensive branch of the family was established man years ago. "The founder of this noble family was Richard Robartes, a wealthy merchant of Truro, whose grandson married a co-heiress of Hender of Bottreaux Castle, and was created a Baronet in 1621, and in 1625 a peer, bearing the title of Lord Robartes of Truro. This nobleman was the father of John Lord Robartes, who lived at Lanhydrock in the civil war. Lanhydrock House is a venerable mansion, which, though modernized by John Lord Robartes, retains vestiges of more remote antiquity." 3

Early History of the Roberts family

This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Roberts research. Another 69 words (5 lines of text) covering the years 1279, 1292, 1296, 1327, 1605, 1609, 1660, 1662, 1675 and 1890 are included under the topic Early Roberts History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Roberts Spelling Variations

Norman surnames are characterized by a multitude of spelling variations. The frequent changes in surnames are largely due to the fact that the Old and Middle English languages lacked definite spelling rules. The introduction of Norman French to England, as well as the official court languages of Latin and French, also had pronounced influences on the spelling of surnames. Since medieval scribes and church officials recorded names as they sounded, rather than adhering to any specific spelling rules, it was common to find the same individual referred to with different spellings. The name has been spelled Robert, Roberts, Robart, Robarts, Robberds and many more.

Early Notables of the Roberts family

Outstanding amongst the family at this time was

  • Dr. Roberts, who was a member of the House of Lords in 1660
  • Sir William Roberts (1605-1662), of Neasden House at Willesden, Middlesex, an English Member of Parliament
  • Francis Roberts (1609-1675), an English puritan clergyman, author and librarian

Roberts World Ranking

In the United States, the name Roberts is the 43rd most popular surname with an estimated 380,511 people with that name. 4 However, in Canada, the name Roberts is ranked the 76th most popular surname with an estimated 31,895 people with that name. 5 And in Quebec, Canada, the name Roberts is the 918th popular surname. 6 Newfoundland, Canada ranks Roberts as 32nd with 685 people. 7 Australia ranks Roberts as 20th with 53,029 people. 8 New Zealand ranks Roberts as 49th with 5,310 people. 9 The United Kingdom ranks Roberts as 9th with 151,740 people. 10 South Africa ranks Roberts as 341st with 20,017 people. 11

Ireland Migration of the Roberts family to Ireland

Some of the Roberts family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Another 57 words (4 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

United States Roberts migration to the United States +

Many English families emigrated to North American colonies in order to escape the political chaos in Britain at this time. Unfortunately, many English families made the trip to the New World under extremely harsh conditions. Overcrowding on the ships caused the majority of the immigrants to arrive diseased, famished, and destitute from the long journey across the stormy Atlantic. Despite these hardships, many of the families prospered and went on to make invaluable contributions to the development of the cultures of the United States and Canada. Early North American immigration records have revealed a number of people bearing the name Roberts or a variant listed above:

Roberts Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
  • Elias Roberts, who landed in Virginia in 1624 12
  • Mr. Joseph Roberts, who arrived in Boston, Massachusetts in 1632 aboard the ship "Lyon" 13
  • Mr. Jo Roberts, aged 46, who arrived in Virginia in 1635 aboard the shp "Assurance" 14
  • Blanch Roberts, aged 20, who arrived in Bermuda, (Somers Islands) in 1635 aboard the ship "Truelove" 12
  • John Roberts, who settled in Virginia in 1638
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Roberts Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
  • Ellis Roberts, who arrived in Pennsylvania in 1703 12
  • Bennet Roberts, who landed in Mississippi in 1799 12
Roberts Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
  • Edmond Roberts, who landed in New York in 1802 12
  • Brice Roberts, who arrived in New York in 1822 12
  • David Roberts, who landed in New York in 1831 12
  • Mr. Thomas Roberts, (b. 1806), aged 30, Cornish blacksmith departing from Falmouth aboard the "Royal Adelaide" arriving in the United States on 11th May 1836 15
  • Amelia Roberts, aged 20, who landed in Key West, Fla in 1838 12
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Roberts Settlers in United States in the 20th Century
  • Mr. William Vorden Roberts, (b. 1867), aged 37, Cornish miner, travelling aboard the ship "St Paul" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 8th May 1904 en route to Montana, USA 16
  • Evelyn Ashley Roberts, who arrived in Alabama in 1919 12

Canada Roberts migration to Canada +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

Roberts Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century
  • Mr. Thomas Roberts U.E. who arrived at Port Roseway, [Shelbourne], Nova Scotia on October 26, 1783 was passenger number 222 aboard the ship "HMS Clinton", picked up on September 28, 1783 at Staten Island, New York, USA 17
  • Mr. Zachariah Roberts U.E. who settled in Canada c. 1784 17
  • Mr. Zachariah Roberts U.E. (b. 1756) born in New York, USA who settled in Queens County, New Brunswick c. 1784 he served with Sir William Howe, he died in 1833 17
  • Mr. Stephen Roberts U.E. who settled in St. Andrews, Charlotte County, New Brunswick c. 1784 member of the Penobscot Association 17
Roberts Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
  • C.S Roberts, aged 32, a gentleman, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Legatus" from London, England
  • Louisa Roberts, aged 22, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Legatus" from London, England
  • Charles William Roberts, aged 3, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Legatus" from London, England
  • John Roberts, aged 20, a labourer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Augusta" from Liverpool, England
  • Miss. Margaret Roberts, aged 6 months who immigrated to Canada, arriving at the Grosse Isle Quarantine Station in Quebec but died on Grosse Isle on 19th June 1847 18
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Australia Roberts migration to Australia +

Emigration to Australia followed the First Fleets of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:

Roberts Settlers in Australia in the 18th Century
  • Mr. William John Roberts (b. 1756), aged 31, Cornish settler convicted in Bodmin, Cornwall, UK on 14th August 1786, sentenced for 7 years for stealing yarn valued at 9 shillings, transported aboard the ship "Scarborough" on 13th May 1787 to New South Wales, Australia 19
  • Mr. John Roberts, English convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Barwell" in September 1797, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 20
Roberts Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
  • Mr. John Roberts, (b. 1765), aged 38, British Convict who was convicted in London, England for 7 years for stealing, transported aboard the "Coromandel" on 4th December 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 21
  • Mr. William Roberts, British Convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for life, transported aboard the "Coromandel" on 4th December 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 21
  • Mr. James Roberts, British convict who was convicted in Shropshire, England for life, transported aboard the "Calcutta" in February 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 22
  • Mr. William Roberts, British convict who was convicted in Hereford, Herefordshire, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Calcutta" in February 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 22
  • Mr. William Roberts, British convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for life, transported aboard the "Calcutta" in February 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 22
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

New Zealand Roberts migration to New Zealand +

Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:

Roberts Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century
  • Philip Roberts, aged 36, a miner, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Duke of Roxburgh" in 1840 23
  • Jonathan Roberts, aged 15, a labourer, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Duke of Roxburgh" in 1840 23
  • Mary Anne Roberts, aged 12, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Duke of Roxburgh" in 1840 23
  • Philip Roberts, aged 10, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Duke of Roxburgh" in 1840 23
  • Jane Roberts, aged 6, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Duke of Roxburgh" in 1840 23
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

West Indies Roberts migration to West Indies +

The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association. 24
Roberts Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century
  • Mr. Edward Roberts, (b. 1609), aged 25, British settler travelling from London, UK arriving in St Christopher (St. Kitts) on 5th January 1634 12
  • Mr. Robert Robert's, (b. 1617), aged 18, British settler travelling from London, England aboard the ship "Alexander" arriving in Barbados in 1635 25
Roberts Settlers in West Indies in the 18th Century
  • Alexander Roberts, who arrived in Jamaica in 1780 12

Contemporary Notables of the name Roberts (post 1700) +

  • Tony Roberts (1928-2023), American sportscaster who was the play-by-play announcer for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team from 1980 until 2006, inducted into the Indiana Broadcasters Hall of Fame, Holiday Bowl Hall of Fame and College Football Hall of Fame
  • Cornelius R. "C.R." Roberts (1936-2023), American football player who played fullback for the USC Trojans, the Toronto Argonauts, and the San Francisco 49ers
  • Bruce Stuart Roberts (1930-2023), American photographer and author who pioneered the use of the 35 mm format cameras for Time, Life, Sports Illustrated, and Time Life Books
  • Anna Smith Rickey Roberts (1827-1858), born Anna Rickey, American poet, born in Philadelphia
  • Joseph C. "Joe" Roberts (1936-2022), American professional NBA basketball player who played three seasons
  • David Stuart Roberts (1943-2021), American climber, mountaineer, and author of books and articles about climbing
  • John David Roberts (1932-2021), American college and professional football coach, inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1993
  • Tanya Roberts (1955-2021), stage name of Victoria Leigh Blum, and American actress best known for her role in Charlie's Angels, Stacey Sutton in the James Bond film A View to a Kill
  • Alfred "Uganda" Roberts (1943-2020), American conga/percussion player
  • Mary Martha Corinne Morrison Claiborne "Cokie" Roberts (1943-2019), née Boggs, an American three-time Emmy Award winning journalist and bestselling author, known for her work on Morning Edition, The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, World News Tonight, and This Week
  • ... (Another 67 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Air New Zealand Flight 901
  • Mr. Michael Seaver Roberts (1932-1979), New Zealander passenger, from Wellington, North Island, New Zealand aboard the Air New Zealand Flight 901 for an Antarctic sightseeing flight when it flew into Mount Erebus; he died in the crash 26
  • Mrs. Allison Meryl Roberts (1933-1979), New Zealander passenger, from Wellington, North Island, New Zealand aboard the Air New Zealand Flight 901 for an Antarctic sightseeing flight when it flew into Mount Erebus; she died in the crash 26
Arrow Air Flight 1285
  • Mr. Bobby E Roberts (1964-1985), American Specialist 4th Class from Fort Worth, Texas, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash 27
  • Mr. Wilbur Grant Roberts (1957-1985), American Staff Sergeant from Clarksville, Tennessee, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash 27
Bradford City stadium fire
  • Amanda Jane Roberts (1965-1985), from Bradford who attended the Bradford City and Lincoln City Third Division match on 11th May 1985 when the Bradford City stadium fire occurred and she died in the fire
Empress of Ireland
  • Mr. William Roberts (d. 1914), British Assistant Steward from United Kingdom who worked aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 28
  • Mr. James Roberts, British Engineer's Steward from United Kingdom who worked aboard the Empress of Ireland (1914) and survived the sinking 28
Fraterville mine
  • Mr. Walter Roberts (d. 1902), American coal miner at Fraterville mine in Tennessee, on the 19th May 1902 when an explosion collapsed the mine; he died 29
  • Mr. William. H. Roberts (d. 1902), American coal miner at Fraterville mine in Tennessee, on the 19th May 1902 when an explosion collapsed the mine; he died 29
Hillsborough disaster
  • Graham John Roberts (1964-1989), English gas board engineer who was attending the FA Cup semi-final at Hillsborough Stadium, in Sheffield, Yorkshire when the stand allocated area became overcrowded and 96 people were crushed in what became known as the Hillsborough disaster and he died from his injuries 30
HMAS Sydney II
  • Mr. Lyndon Irvine Roberts (1921-1941), Australian Stoker from North Cottesloe, Western Australia, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 31
  • Mr. Ronald Charles Roberts (1920-1941), Australian Assistant Cook from Middle Park, Victoria, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 31
HMS Cornwall
  • John Roberts (d. 1942), British Leading Stoker aboard the HMS Cornwall when she was struck by air bombers and sunk; he died in the sinking 32
HMS Dorsetshire
  • Bill Roberts, British aboard the HMS Dorsetshire (1945) when she was struck by air bombers and sunk; he survived the sinking 33
HMS Hood
  • Mr. Reginald C Roberts (b. 1919), English Ordinary Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Minster, Kent, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 34
  • Mr. Lewis G Roberts (b. 1919), Welsh Able Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Abertillery, Monmouthshire, Wales, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 34
  • Mr. Gordon R Roberts (b. 1913), English Able Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Yateley, Hampshire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 34
  • Mr. Frederick C Roberts (b. 1903), English Leading Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Fulham, London, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 34
  • Mr. Ernest G Roberts (b. 1912), English Mechanician 2nd Class serving for the Royal Navy from Coxford, Southampton, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 34
HMS Prince of Wales
  • Mr. Leonard Roberts, British Stoker 2nd Class, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and died in the sinking 35
  • Mr. Lawton Roberts, British Stoker 1st Class, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and died in the sinking 35
  • Mr. L Roberts, British Stoker, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 35
  • Mr. E Roberts, British Petty Officer Telegraphist, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 35
  • Mr. A Roberts, British Ordinary Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 35
  • ... (Another 3 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
HMS Repulse
  • Mr. Frederick Timothy Roberts, British Boy Signalman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 36
  • Mr. Herbert H Roberts, British Leading Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 36
  • Mr. William H Roberts, British Able Bodied Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 36
  • Mr. George Henry Thomas Roberts, British Engine Room Artificer 4th Class, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and died in the sinking 36
  • Mr. E N R Roberts, British Stoker, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 36
HMS Royal Oak
  • H. Roberts, British Able Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking 37
  • George O. Roberts, British Lieutenant with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking 37
  • Thomas Owen Roberts (1919-1939), British Able Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 37
  • Frederick William Roberts (1918-1939), British Able Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 37
  • Arthur Roberts (1901-1939), British Chief Stoker with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 37
RMS Lusitania
  • Mr. Charles A. Roberts, English Able-Bodied Seaman from England, who worked aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and survived the sinking 38
  • Mr. John Roberts, English Assistant Engineers' Mess Steward from Liverpool, England, who worked aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking 38
  • Miss Annie Jane Roberts, English Stewardess from Bootle, Lancashire, England, who worked aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking and was recovered 38
RMS Titanic
  • Mr. Frank John Roberts (d. 1912), aged 36, English Third Butcher from Farnborough, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking and was recovered by CS Mackay-Bennett 39
  • Mr. Hugh H. Roberts (d. 1912), aged 40, English Bedroom Steward from Bootle, Lancashire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking and was recovered by CS Mackay-Bennett 39
  • Mrs. Mary Kezziah Roberts, (née Humphrys), aged 41, English Saloon Steward from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and survived the sinking by escaping in life boat 16 39
  • Mr. Robert George Roberts (d. 1912), aged 35, English Fireman/Stoker from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 39
Senghenydd colliery
  • Mr. Griffith Roberts (b. 1893), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died
  • Mr. Griffith Roberts (b. 1893), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died
  • Mr. John Roberts (b. 1882), Welsh coal miner from Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died
  • Mr. Morgan Roberts (b. 1886), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died
  • Mr. Robert G. Roberts (b. 1893), Welsh coal miner from Groeswen, Cardiff, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died
  • ... (Another 2 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
SS Atlantic
  • Henry Roberts, Irish traveler aboard the ship "SS Atlantic" when it struck rocks off Nova Scotia in 1873, died in the sinking
USS Arizona
  • Mr. Walter Scott Roberts Jr., American Radioman First Class from Missouri, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 40
  • Mr. Wilburn Carle Roberts, American Baker Third Class from Louisiana, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 40
  • Mr. William Francis Roberts, American Seaman Second Class working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 40
  • Mr. Dwight Fisk Roberts, American Fireman First Class from Kansas, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 40
  • Mr. Kenneth Franklin Roberts, American Boatswain's Mate Second Class working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 40
  • ... (Another 1 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Suggested Readings for the name Roberts +

  • Roberts-Allen Families by Merritt E. Roberts.
  1. Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X)
  2. Williams, Dr Ann. And G.H. Martin, Eds., Domesday Book A Complete Translation. London: Penguin, 1992. Print. (ISBN 0-141-00523-8)
  3. Hutchins, Fortescue, The History of Cornwall, from the Earliest Records and Traditions to the Present Time. London: William Penaluna, 1824. Print
  4. "What are the 5,000 Most Common Last Names in the U.S.?". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/last-names/
  5. "Surnames Meanings, Origins & Distribution Maps - Forebears." Forebears, https://forebears.io/surnames
  6. "The first 1,000 family names by rank, Quebec (in French only)" Institut de la statistique du Quebec, https://statistique.quebec.ca/en/document/family-names-in-quebec/tableau/the-first-1000-family-names-by-rank-quebec
  7. The order of Common Surnames in 1955 in Newfoundland retrieved on 20th October 2021 (retrieved from Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland by E.R. Seary corrected edition ISBN 0-7735-1782-0)
  8. "Most Common Last Names in Australia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/australia/surnames
  9. "Most Common Last Names in New Zealand." Forebears, https://forebears.io/new-zealand/surnames
  10. "UK surname ranking." UK Surname map, https://www.surnamemap.eu/unitedkingdom/surnames_ranking.php?p=10
  11. "Most Common Last Names in South Africa." Forebears, https://forebears.io/south-africa/surnames
  12. Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
  13. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's Retrieved January 6th 2023, retrieved from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  14. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's. Retrieved January 6th 2023 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  15. Cornwall Online Parish Clerks. (Retrieved 2018, April 30). Emigrants to New York 1820 - 1891 [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.opc-cornwall.org/Resc/pdfs/emigration_new_york_1820_1891.pdf
  16. Cornwall Online Parish Clerks. (Retrieved 3rd May 2018). Retrieved from http://www.opc-cornwall.org/Resc/pdfs/emigration_ellis_island_1892_on.pdf
  17. Rubincam, Milton. The Old United Empire Loyalists List. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc, 1976. (Originally published as; United Empire Loyalists. The Centennial of the Settlement of Upper Canada. Rose Publishing Company, 1885.) ISBN 0-8063-0331-X
  18. Charbonneau, André, and Doris Drolet-Dubé. A Register of Deceased Persons at Sea and on Grosse Île in 1847. The Minister of Canadian Heritage, 1997. ISBN: 0-660-198/1-1997E (p. 53)
  19. Cornwall Online Parish Clerks. (Retrieved 30th May 2018). Retrieved from http://www.opc-cornwall.org/Resc/pdfs/emigration_australia_convicts.pdf
  20. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 29th September 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/barwell
  21. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 22nd March 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/coromandel-and-experiment
  22. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 25th November 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/calcutta
  23. New Zealand Yesteryears Passenger Lists 1800 to 1900 (Retrieved 5th November 2010). Retrieved from http://www.yesteryears.co.nz/shipping/passlist.html
  24. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_West_Indies
  25. Pilgrim Ship Lists Early 1600's retrieved 28th September 2021 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  26. Mount Erebus, Memorial, Roll of Remembrance (Retrieved 2018, February 21st). Retrieved from http://www.erebus.co.nz/memorialandawards/rollofremembrance.aspx
  27. American War Memorials - Flight 1285. (Retrieved 2016, August 24) . Retrieved from http://www.uswarmemorials.org/html/monument_details.php?SiteID=317&MemID=550
  28. Commemoration Empress of Ireland 2014. (Retrieved 2014, June 17) . Retrieved from http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/listepsc1.html
  29. News paper article Fraterville Mine Disaster retrieved on 6th August 2021. (Retrieved from http://www.tn.gov/tsla/exhibits/disasters/fraterville.htm).
  30. Hillsborough Victims (retreived 21st March 2021). Retreived from https://metro.co.uk/2019/04/15/remembering-96-victims-hillsborough-disaster-30-years-9206566/
  31. HMAS Sydney II, Finding Sydney Foundation - Roll of Honour. (Retrieved 2014, April 24) . Retrieved from http://www.findingsydney.com/roll.asp
  32. Force Z Survivors Crew List HMS Cornwall (Retrieved 2018, February 13th) - Retrieved from https://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listcornwallcrew.html#A
  33. Force Z Survivors HMS Dorsetshire Crew List, (Retrieved 2018, February 13th), https://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listdorsetshirecrew.html
  34. H.M.S. Hood Association-Battle Cruiser Hood: Crew Information - H.M.S. Hood Rolls of Honour, Men Lost in the Sinking of H.M.S. Hood, 24th May 1941. (Retrieved 2016, July 15) . Retrieved from http://www.hmshood.com/crew/memorial/roh_24may41.htm
  35. HMS Prince of Wales Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listprincecrew.html
  36. HMS Repulse Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listrepulsecrew.html
  37. Ships hit by U-boats crew list HMS Royal Oak (08) - (Retrieved 2018 February, 9th) - retrieved from https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/crews/ship68.html
  38. Lusitania Passenger List - The Lusitania Resource. (Retrieved 2014, March 7) . Retrieved from http://www.rmslusitania.info/lusitania-passenger-list/
  39. Titanic Passenger List - Titanic Facts. (Retrieved 2016, July 13) . Retrieved from http://www.titanicfacts.net/titanic-passenger-list.html
  40. Pearl Harbour: USS Arizona Casualties List Pearl Harbour December 7, 1941. (Retrieved 2018, July 31st). Retrieved from http://pearl-harbor.com/arizona/casualtylist.html
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