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| Related Stories | + |
- Family Crests: Elements
- Occupational surnames: one of the oldest types of surnames
- Anglo-Saxons: the birth of Old English from early German (Saxon) settlers (about 450-1066)
- Spelling variations: Why the spellings of names have changed over the centuries
- Assize Rolls
- Hundred: an early Norse term typically denoting 100 households
| Sources | + |
- Smith, Eldson Coles, New Dictionary of American Family Names New York: Harper & Row, 1956. Print
- Harrison, Henry, Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary Baltimore: Geneological Publishing Company, 2013. Print
- Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X)

