| ![Show Contents]() Marshal History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
When the ancestors of the Marshal family arrived in England following the Norman Conquest of 1066, they brought their name with them. It is a name for a blacksmith or a person who tended horses deriving its origin from the Old English word marshal, which meant blacksmith. In medieval England, blacksmiths were extremely important because they were employed by the nobility to look after the horses. 1 John Marshal (d. 1164?), the English warrior, was "son and heir of Gilbert Marshal, who was unsuccessfully impleaded with him in the court of Henry I by Robert de Venoiz and William de Hastings for the office of master of the king's marshalsea (Rot. Chart. p. 46), from which the family took its name. In the 'Pipe Roll' of 1130 he is found paying for succession to his father's lands and office (p. 18) and in possession of an estate in Wiltshire (p. 23). In 1138 he fortified Marlborough and Ludgershall (Ann. Wint.), probably as one of the rebels of that year, for Stephen was besieging him in Marlborough when the empress landed, in 1139 (Cont. Flor. Wig. p. 117). In 1140 he was approached by Robert FitzHubert, who had seized Devizes Castle, and who hoped to secure Marlborough; but John, overreaching him, made him his prisoner, and then sold him to the Earl of Gloucester." 2 William Marshal first Earl of Pembroke and Striguil of the Marshal line (d. 1219), "Regent of England, was second son of John Marshal (d. 1164?) [q. v.], by his second wife, Sibyl, sister of Patrick, earl of Salisbury. He is represented as describing himself as over eighty years of age in 1216, but his father and mother were not married till 1141, and 1146 is a more likely date for his birth. When Stephen besieged John Marshal at Newbury in 1152, the young William was given as hostage for a truce and the surrender of the castle. John Marshal refused to keep the terms, and his son's life would have been sacrificed had not Stephen, attracted by the child's bold spirit and pretty ways, protected him." 2 Early Origins of the Marshal familyThe surname Marshal was first found in various counties in England including Cambridgeshire, Somerset and Oxfordshire where William le Marechal, Gunnilda le Marescall and Robert Marescallus were all recorded respectively in the Hundredorum Rolls of 1273. Later, the Yorkshire Poll Tax Rolls of 1379 lists Willelmus de Scheplay, marciall, and Johannes Mareschall. 3 "Distributed over England, its great home being in Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire, whilst there are less important homes in Northumberland in the north and in Somerset in the south. The name is of foreign origin. It was originally "Marechal," or "Mare - schalks," the old name for a horse - groom or farrier, in which sense it is still used in France. The post became dignified. The name has extended from the north of England into central and southern Scotland." 4 Early History of the Marshal familyThis web page shows only a small excerpt of our Marshal research. Another 103 words (7 lines of text) covering the years 1084, 1170, 1235, 1535, 1540, 1554, 1578, 1594, 1621, 1626, 1628, 1629, 1631, 1632, 1637, 1644, 1654, 1655, 1662, 1664, 1670, 1672, 1675, 1678, 1680, 1685, 1698 and 1890 are included under the topic Early Marshal History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. Marshal Spelling VariationsEndless spelling variations are a prevailing characteristic of Norman surnames. Old and Middle English lacked any definite spelling rules, and the introduction of Norman French added an unfamiliar ingredient to the English linguistic stew. French and Latin, the languages of the court, also influenced spellings. Finally, Medieval scribes generally spelled words according to how they sounded, so one person was often referred to by different spellings in different documents. The name has been spelled Marshall, Marshal, Marescal, Marshale and others. Early Notables of the Marshal familyOutstanding amongst the family at this time was - John Marshal (1170-1235) of Higham, first Baron Marshal
- Henry Marshal, Bishop of Exeter
- William Marshal, first Earl of Pembroke and regent of England
- William Marshall (died c. 1540), an English Protestant reformer, printer, and translator, one of Thomas Cromwell's confidential agents in 1535
- Stephen Marshall (c.1594-1655), an English Nonconformist churchman
- Thomas Marshall (1621-1685), an English churchman and linguist, Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford (1672-1685) and Dean of Gloucester
- Walter Marshall (1628-1680), an English, non-conformist Puritan pastor and author best known for his book on the Gospel Mystery of Sanctification
Marshal RankingIn the United States, the name Marshal is the 10,460th most popular surname with an estimated 2,487 people with that name. 5  Migration of the Marshal family to Ireland
Some of the Marshal family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Another 102 words (7 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
| Marshal migration to the United States | + |
To escape the political and religious persecution within England at the time, many English families left for the various British colonies abroad. The voyage was extremely difficult, though, and the cramped, dank ships caused many to arrive in the New World diseased and starving. But for those who made it, the trip was most often worth it. Many of the families who arrived went on to make valuable contributions to the emerging nations of Canada and the United States. An inquiry into the early roots of North American families reveals a number of immigrants bearing the name Marshal or a variant listed above:
Marshal Settlers in United States in the 17th Century- Michael Marshal, who arrived in New Jersey in 1685 6
Marshal Settlers in United States in the 18th Century- Teterich Marshal, who arrived in Pennsylvania in 1757 6
- David Marshal, aged 24, who arrived in North Carolina in 1774 6
- Marie Francois Marshal, who landed in New York in 1796 6
- Samuel Marshal, who landed in Mississippi in 1799 6
Marshal Settlers in United States in the 19th Century- George Marshal, who landed in America in 1804 6
- John Marshal, who arrived in New York, NY in 1812 6
- Abraham Marshal, aged 39, who landed in Ohio in 1812 6
- Robert Marshal, aged 25, who landed in New York in 1818 6
- Miss S Marshal, who arrived in San Francisco, California in 1860 6
| Marshal migration to New Zealand | + |
Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include: Marshal Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century- Joseph Marshal, who arrived in Auckland, New Zealand aboard the ship "Armstrong" in 1865
| Contemporary Notables of the name Marshal (post 1700) | + |
- George Marshal, American Republican politician, Member of New York Republican State Committee, 1930 7
- William Marshal (1146-1219), English knight
- Marshal Grindell, American actor, known for Haley (2011)
- Marshal MacMahon (1808-1893), Duke of Magenta, the first president of the Third Republic of France (1875 to 1879)
- Marshal of France Philippe-Franois-Marie-Jacques Leclerc (1902-1947), French Inspector-General to the Forces of North Africa (1946-1947) 8
- Marshal of France Jean-Joseph-Marie-Gabriel de Lattre de Tassigny (1889-1952), French High Commissioner of French IndoChina (1950-1952) 9
- Marshal of France Marie-Joseph-Pierre-Franois Koenig (1898-1970), French Minister of National Defence (1954) 10
- Marshal of France Louis-Flix-Marie-Franois Franchet d'Esperey (1856-1942), French Commander in Chief Allied Forces in Turkey (1919-1920) 11
- Marshal João Baptista Mascarenhas de Morais (1883-1968),
- Marshal Tito (b. 1892), Yugoslavian politician
- Lower, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print.
- Smith, George (ed), Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1885-1900. Print
- Bardsley, C.W, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames: With Special American Instances. Wiltshire: Heraldry Today, 1901. Print. (ISBN 0-900455-44-6)
- Guppy, Henry Brougham, Homes of Family Names in Great Britain. 1890. Print.
- "What are the 5,000 Most Common Last Names in the U.S.?". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/last-names/
- Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
- The Political Graveyard: Alphabetical Name Index. (Retrieved 2015, December 1) . Retrieved from http://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html
- Generals of World War II. (Retrieved 2011, October 6) Marshal Leclerc. Retrieved from http://generals.dk/general/Leclerc_de_Hauteclocque/Philippe-Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie-Jacques/France.html
- Generals of World War II. (Retrieved 2011, October 6) Marshal Lattre de Tassigny. Retrieved from http://generals.dk/general/Lattre_de_Tassigny/Jean-Joseph-Marie-Gabriel_de/France.html
- Generals of World War II. (Retrieved 2011, October 5) Marshal Koenig. Retrieved from http://generals.dk/general/Koenig/Marie-Joseph-Pierre-Fran%C3%A7ois/France.html
- Generals of World War II. (Retrieved 2011, October 4) Marshal Franchet d'Esperey. Retrieved from http://generals.dk/general/Franchet_d%27Esperey/Louis-F%C3%A9lix-Marie-Fran%C3%A7ois/France.html
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Marshal migration to the United States 
Marshal migration to New Zealand 
England
Scotland
Ireland
