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| Related Stories | + |
- Family Crests: Elements
- Spelling variations: Why the spellings of names have changed over the centuries
- Anglo-Saxons: the birth of Old English from early German (Saxon) settlers (about 450-1066)
- Welsh Surnames: mostly patronymic; derived from the personal name of an ancestor
- Newfoundland: generally thought to be the first Viking settlement in North America, later an English fishing colony
| Sources | + |
- Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X)
- Bardsley, C.W, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames: With Special American Instances. Wiltshire: Heraldry Today, 1901. Print. (ISBN 0-900455-44-6)
- Smith, George (ed), Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1885-1900. Print

