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| Related Stories | + |
- Family Crests: Elements
- Norman Conquest: the famous 1066 invasion of England
- England: how does it relate to Surnames?
- Spelling variations: Why the spellings of names have changed over the centuries
- Newfoundland: generally thought to be the first Viking settlement in North America, later an English fishing colony
| Sources | + |
- Lower, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print.
- Smith, George (ed), Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1885-1900. Print

