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| Related Stories | + |
- Family Crests: Elements
- Occupational surnames: one of the oldest types of surnames
- Occupation
- Patronymic surnames: names that have suffixes added to the root name
- Spelling variations: Why the spellings of names have changed over the centuries
- Family seat: the feudal principal residence of the landed gentry and aristocracy
| Sources | + |
- Hozier, Charles D, and Antoine Bachelin-Delforenne. État présent De La Noblesse française (1883-1887): Contenant Le Distionnaire De La Noblesse Contemporaine Et Larmorial général De France, Dapres Les Manuscrits De Ch. D Hozier. Librairie Des Bibliophiles, 1884. Print.
- Olivier, Reginald L. Your Ancient Canadian Family Ties. Logan: The Everton Publishers, Inc., P.O. Box 368, 1972. Print

