Show ContentsThompson History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms

The roots of the distinguished surname Thompson can be found in Scotland. The name is derived from the popular given name Thomas, an Aramaic name meaning "twin," and refers to "a son of Thomas or Thom." [1] The spelling of the name with a "p" distinguishes the family from the Thomsons, who were a Scottish Clan originally known as MacThomais.

Early Origins of the Thompson family

The surname Thompson was first found in Cumberland, where the Thompson family held a family seat from ancient times. However, some of the family were found at Shotton in Durham. "The family of Thompson held property here, chiefly by copy of court-roll, at least as early as the reign of Elizabeth; and from them the estate came by marriage, in the middle of the last century, to the Brandlings." [2]

"This name is distributed over the greater part of England, but is rare or absent in the south (south of a line joining London and Bristol). Its great home is in the north, in the region north of a line connecting the Humber with Morecambe Bay, and Northumberland in particular is pre-eminent for the number of its Thompsons. It extends in force in its Scottish form of Thomson across the border into Dumfriesshire, Roxburghshire, and is very numerous over a large part of Scotland, but particularly in the region south of the Forth and the Clyde. As we trace it southward from its northern home, we find its numbers rapidly diminishing. It is, however, well represented in the midlands. Further south, again, as above remarked, it becomes rare or dies out altogether." [3]

Early History of the Thompson family

This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Thompson research. Another 133 words (10 lines of text) covering the years 1614, 1625, 1639, 1659, 1661, 1663, 1668, 1673, 1679, 1681, 1683, 1689, 1690, 1693, 1695, 1698, 1700, 1701 and 1890 are included under the topic Early Thompson History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Thompson Spelling Variations

Spelling variations of this family name include: Tompson, Thompson and others.

Early Notables of the Thompson family

Notable amongst the family at this time was

  • Sir William Thompson (1614-1681), English politician, Member of Parliament for the City of London (1661 to 1679); Sir Henry Thompson (ca. 1625-1683) was an English wine merchant and politician, Lord M...

Thompson World Ranking

In the United States, the name Thompson is the 17th most popular surname with an estimated 669,003 people with that name. [4] However, in Canada, the name Thompson is ranked the 19th most popular surname with an estimated 62,999 people with that name. [5] And in Quebec, Canada, the name Thompson is the 596th popular surname. [6] Newfoundland, Canada ranks Thompson as 341st with 136 people. [7] Australia ranks Thompson as 10th with 62,098 people. [8] New Zealand ranks Thompson as 11st with 6,705 people. [9] The United Kingdom ranks Thompson as 14th with 137,269 people. [10] South Africa ranks Thompson as 406th with 17,580 people. [11]

Ireland Migration of the Thompson family to Ireland

Some of the Thompson family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Another 94 words (7 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.


United States Thompson migration to the United States +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

Thompson Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
  • Edward Thompson, who was one of the passengers arriving in Plymouth, Mass on the "Mayflower" in 1620
  • David Thompson, who settled in Maine in 1623
  • William Thompson, aged 17, who landed in Virginia in 1623 aboard the ship "George" [12]
  • Mr. Richard Thompson, who left England and arrived in Maryland in 1634 aboard the ship "Ark and Dove" [13]
  • Mr. William Thompson, who left England and arrived in Maryland in 1634 aboard the ship "Ark and Dove" [13]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Thompson Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
  • Dorothy Thompson, who arrived in Virginia in 1702 [14]
  • Elizabeth Thompson, who landed in Virginia in 1714 [14]
  • Allen Thompson, who arrived in New York in 1738 [14]
  • Hannah Thompson, who arrived in Maryland in 1740 [14]
  • Ebenezer Thompson, who arrived in New England in 1743 [14]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Thompson Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
  • Alexander Thompson, who arrived in America in 1800 [14]
  • Christian Thompson, who arrived in America in 1801 [14]
  • Anna Thompson, aged 30, who arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1803 [14]
  • Hector Thompson, who arrived in America in 1804 [14]
  • Hugh Thompson, who landed in America in 1805 [14]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Thompson Settlers in United States in the 20th Century
  • Harry Adolph Thompson, who landed in Alabama in 1929 [14]

Canada Thompson migration to Canada +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

Thompson Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century
  • Thomas Thompson, who arrived in St. John's, Newfoundland in 1756 [15]
  • Anthony Thompson, who settled in Fort Cumberland, Nova Scotia in 1774
  • George Thompson, who landed in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1778
  • Andrew Thompson, who settled in Harbour Grace, Newfoundland in 1780 [15]
  • Mr. William Thompson U.E. who arrived at Port Roseway, [Shelburne], Nova Scotia on October 26, 1783 was passenger number 226 aboard the ship "HMS Clinton", picked up on September 28, 1783 at Staten Island, New York, USA [16]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Thompson Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
  • Charles Thompson, who landed in Canada in 1831
  • Hiram Thompson, who arrived in Canada in 1831
  • James Thompson, aged 16, a labourer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "John & Mary" from Belfast, Ireland
  • George Thompson, aged 15, a gentleman, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Pacific" from Liverpool, England
  • John Thompson, aged 13, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Pacific" from Liverpool, England
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Australia Thompson migration to Australia +

Emigration to Australia followed the First Fleets of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:

Thompson Settlers in Australia in the 18th Century
  • Mr. William Thompson, English convict who was convicted in Buckinghamshire, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Barwell" in September 1797, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [17]
  • Miss Ann Thompson, (Bruce, Robertson), English convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for 7 years , transported aboard the "Britannia III" on 18th July 1798, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [18]
  • Miss Sarah Thompson, (McFie), English convict who was convicted in Surrey, England for 7 years , transported aboard the "Britannia III" on 18th July 1798, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [18]
Thompson Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
  • Miss Mary Thompson, British Convict who was convicted in London, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Earl Cornwallis" in August 1800, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [19]
  • Mr. John Thompson, British Convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Coromandel" on 4th December 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [20]
  • Mr. John Thompson, British Convict who was convicted in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England for 14 years, transported aboard the "Coromandel" on 4th December 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [20]
  • Mr. William Thompson, British Convict who was convicted in Kent, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Coromandel" on 4th December 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [20]
  • Mr. John Thompson, English convict who was convicted in Derby, Derbyshire, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Duke of Portland" in January 1807, arriving in New South Wales, Australia [21]
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Thompson Settlers in Australia in the 20th Century
  • "Mrs. Eliza Thompson, (b. 1802), aged 26, Scottish needle woman from Dundee who was convicted in Lancaster, Lancashire, England for 14 years for house breaking, transported aboard the ""Competitor"" on 9th June 1828, arriving in New South Wales, Australia" [22]
  • "Miss Phillis Thompson, (b. 1808), aged 20, English nurse girl who was convicted in Durham, England for 14 years for stealing, transported aboard the ""Competitor"" on 9th June 1828, arriving in New South Wales, Australia" [22]

New Zealand Thompson migration to New Zealand +

Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:

Thompson Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century
  • R Thompson, who landed in Hokianga, New Zealand in 1834
  • Mr Thompson, who landed in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840 aboard the ship Middlesex
  • David Thompson, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1840
  • William Thompson, who landed in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840
  • Alexander Thompson, aged 28, a labourer, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Blenheim" in 1840
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

West Indies Thompson migration to West Indies +

The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association. [23]
Thompson Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century
  • Mr. John Thompson, (b. 1616), aged 19, British settler traveling aboard the ship "John" arriving in St Christopher (Saint Kitts) in 1635 [24]

Contemporary Notables of the name Thompson (post 1700) +

  • Julian Ogilvie Thompson (1934-2023), South African Rhodes Scholar, Chairman of De Beers and the Anglo American mining company
  • Butch Thompson (1943-2022), American jazz pianist and clarinetist born in Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota, best known for his ragtime and stride performances
  • John Albert Thompson (1927-2022), American football executive, first general manager of the Seattle Seahawks from 1976 to 1982
  • James Earl "Jimmy" Thompson (1928-2022), American blues guitarist and singer, born in Holly Springs, Mississippi
  • Robert Farris Thompson (1932-2021), American historian and writer specializing in the art of Africa and the Afro-Atlantic world, member of the faculty at Yale University from 1965 to his retirement more than fifty years later
  • Charles Lemoine "Tim" Thompson (1924-2021), American Major League Baseball catcher who appeared in 187 games over all or parts of four seasons (1954; 1956–58) for the Brooklyn Dodgers, Kansas City Athletics, and Detroit Tigers
  • Sue Thompson (1925-2021), born Eva Sue McKee, an American pop and country music singer, best known for the million selling hits "Sad Movies (Make Me Cry)" and "Norman"
  • Leonard Irwin Thompson (1952-2021), American professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL), spending his entire career with the Detroit Lions (1975–1986)
  • Carl E. "Chucky" Thompson (1968-2021), American hip hop and R&B record producer, member of Bad Boy Entertainment's "Hitmen" team of in-house producers during the 1990s
  • Ted Thompson (1953-2021), American professional football player and executive in the National Football League (NFL)
  • ... (Another 74 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Air New Zealand Flight 901
  • Mrs. Billie Tadlock Thompson (d. 1979), American passenger, from USA aboard the Air New Zealand Flight 901 for an Antarctic sightseeing flight when it flew into Mount Erebus; she died in the crash [25]
  • Mr. Henry Ford Thompson (d. 1979), American passenger, from USA aboard the Air New Zealand Flight 901 for an Antarctic sightseeing flight when it flew into Mount Erebus; he died in the crash [25]
Arrow Air Flight 1285
  • Mr. Scott Bryan Thompson (1963-1985), American Specialist 4th Class from South Waverly, Pennsylvania, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash [26]
  • Mr. Danny C Thompson (1957-1985), American Sergeant from Fort Campbell, Kentucky, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash [26]
Empress of Ireland
  • Mr. Gerrard James Thompson (d. 1914), British Plumber from United Kingdom who worked aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking [27]
  • Mrs. T Thompson (d. 1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking [27]
Halifax Explosion
  • Miss Bernice Ford  Thompson (1910-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) [28]
  • Miss Jean  Thompson (1911-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) [28]
  • Master Robert G.  Thompson (1911-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) [28]
  • Mrs. Emily  Thompson, Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) [28]
  • Master James J.  Thompson (1913-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) [28]
  • ... (Another 4 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Hillsborough disaster
  • Stuart Paul William Thompson (1971-1989), English apprentice joiner who was attending the FA Cup semi-final at Hillsborough Stadium, in Sheffield, Yorkshire when the stand allocated area became overcrowded and 96 people were crushed in what became known as the Hillsborough disaster and he died from his injuries [29]
  • Peter Reuben Thompson (1958-1989), English engineer who was attending the FA Cup semi-final at Hillsborough Stadium, in Sheffield, Yorkshire when the stand allocated area became overcrowded and 96 people were crushed in what became known as the Hillsborough disaster and he died from his injuries [29]
  • Patrick John Thompson (1954-1989), English railway guard who was attending the FA Cup semi-final at Hillsborough Stadium, in Sheffield, Yorkshire when the stand allocated area became overcrowded and 96 people were crushed in what became known as the Hillsborough disaster and he died from his injuries [29]
HMAS Sydney II
  • Mr. William Raymond Thompson (1920-1941), Australian Stoker from Coburg, New South Wales, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking [30]
  • Mr. Harry Edward Thompson (1922-1941), Australian Wireman from Parkdale, Victoria, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking [30]
HMS Dorsetshire
  • Percy Thompson, British crew member aboard the HMS Dorsetshire (1945) when she was struck by air bombers and sunk; he survived the sinking [31]
HMS Hood
  • Mr. Robert Thompson (b. 1924), English Boy 1st Class serving for the Royal Navy from Morecambe, Lancashire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking [32]
  • Mr. Harold Thompson (b. 1904), English Able Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Leeds, Yorkshire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking [32]
HMS Prince of Wales
  • Mr. Robson Thompson, British Able Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking [33]
  • Mr. R Thompson, British Petty Office Stoker, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking [33]
  • Mr. N Thompson, British Chief Petty Officer Mechanician, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking [33]
  • Mr. H Thompson, British Able Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking [33]
  • Mr. Charles Thompson, British Corporal Marine, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking [33]
  • ... (Another 4 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
HMS Repulse
  • Mr. Robert James Thompson (1919-1942), British Stoker 1st Class, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse and survived the sinking, but was listed as missing presumed killed in the evacuation of Singapore in 1942 [34]
  • Mr. Herbert H Thompson, British Petty Officer, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking [34]
  • Mr. Norman George Cameron Thompson (b. 1920), Scottish Ordinary Seaman from Dundee, Scotland, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and died in the sinking [34]
HMS Royal Oak
  • Victor R. Thompson, British Boy 1st Class with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking [35]
  • Stanley W.H. Thompson, British Chief Petty Officer Writer with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking [35]
  • John F.P. Thompson, British Musician with the Royal Marine aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking [35]
  • Roland Thompson (1921-1939), British Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking [35]
  • Robert Thompson (1923-1939), British Boy 1st Class with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking [35]
  • ... (Another 1 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Lady of the Lake
  • Miss Mary Ann Thompson (b. 1813), Irish traveller from Culdaff, Ireland who sailed aboard the "Lady of the Lake" from Greenock, Scotland on 8th April 1833 to Quebec, Canada when the ship hit ice and sunk of the coast of Newfoundland on the 11th May 1833 and she died in the sinking
Monongah Mine
  • Mr. Sam Thompson (b. 1877), Hungarian coal miner who was in mine 8 at the Monongah mine on 6th December 1907 when it exploded and collapsed; he died [36]
Mount Mulligan Mine
  • Robert Thompson, Australian coal miner who was killed in the Mount Mulligan Mine explosion in 1921
  • Wilfred Thompson, Australian coal miner who was killed in the Mount Mulligan Mine explosion in 1921
North Sea Flood
  • Charles E. Thompson, British worker aboard the ferry "Princess Victoria" who survived the North Sea Flood, a major storm surge in 1953
RMS Lusitania
  • Mr. Elbridge Blish Thompson, American 1st Class Passenger from Seymour, Indiana, USA, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking [37]
  • Mr. Leo Henry Thompson, English Able-Bodied Seaman from England, who worked aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and survived the sinking [37]
  • Mr. John Thompson, English O Seaman from England, who worked aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking [37]
  • Mr. John Thompson, English Trimmer from Seacombe, Cheshire, England, who worked aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking and was recovered [37]
  • Mr. John E. Thompson, English Trimmer from Everton, Liverpool, England, who worked aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and survived the sinking [37]
  • ... (Another 8 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
RMS Titanic
  • Mr. John William Thompson, aged 35, English Fireman/Stoker from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and survived the sinking escaping on life boat 15 [38]
  • Mr. Alexander Morrison Thompson (d. 1912), aged 36, Scottish Third Class passenger from Unknown who sailed aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking [38]
SS Alcoa Puritan
  • R.W. Thompson, American Able Seaman from Mobile, Alabama, who was working aboard the SS Alcoa Puritan (1942) traveling from Port of Spain, Trinidad to Mobile, Alabama when it was torpedoed by U-boat U-507; he survived the sinking [39]
SS Atlantic
  • K. Thompson, who was traveling aboard the ship "SS Atlantic" when it struck rocks off Nova Scotia in 1873, survived the sinking
  • L. P. Thompson, who was traveling aboard the ship "SS Atlantic" when it struck rocks off Nova Scotia in 1873, survived the sinking
USS Arizona
  • Mr. Norman Thompson, American Machinist working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he survived the sinking [40]
  • Mr. Charles Leroy Thompson, American Seaman First Class from Illinois, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking [40]
  • Mr. Irven Edgar Thompson, American Seaman First Class from Ohio, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking [40]
  • Mr. Robert Gary Thompson, American Ship's Cook First Class from California, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking [40]


The Thompson Motto +

The motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto.

Motto: Nosce teipsum
Motto Translation: Know thyself.


Suggested Readings for the name Thompson +

  • Edgewood, The Story of a Family and Their House by James Woolridge Powell.
  • The Family of William Taliaferro Thompson, Jr., and His Wife, Anne Claiborne McIlwaine by Ben Lacy Rose.
  • Dixie's Diverse Destiny by Margery Thompson Lockhart.

  1. Lower, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print.
  2. Lewis, Samuel, A Topographical Dictionary of England. Institute of Historical Research, 1848, Print.
  3. Guppy, Henry Brougham, Homes of Family Names in Great Britain. 1890. Print.
  4. "What are the 5,000 Most Common Last Names in the U.S.?". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/last-names/
  5. "Surnames Meanings, Origins & Distribution Maps - Forebears." Forebears, https://forebears.io/surnames
  6. "The first 1,000 family names by rank, Quebec (in French only)" Institut de la statistique du Quebec, https://statistique.quebec.ca/en/document/family-names-in-quebec/tableau/the-first-1000-family-names-by-rank-quebec
  7. The order of Common Surnames in 1955 in Newfoundland retrieved on 20th October 2021 (retrieved from Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland by E.R. Seary corrected edition ISBN 0-7735-1782-0)
  8. "Most Common Last Names in Australia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/australia/surnames
  9. "Most Common Last Names in New Zealand." Forebears, https://forebears.io/new-zealand/surnames
  10. "UK surname ranking." UK Surname map, https://www.surnamemap.eu/unitedkingdom/surnames_ranking.php?p=10
  11. "Most Common Last Names in South Africa." Forebears, https://forebears.io/south-africa/surnames
  12. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's Retrieved January 6th 2023, retrieved from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  13. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's. Retrieved January 6th 2023 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  14. Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
  15. Seary E.R., Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland, Montreal: McGill's-Queen's Universtity Press 1998 ISBN 0-7735-1782-0
  16. Rubincam, Milton. The Old United Empire Loyalists List. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc, 1976. (Originally published as; United Empire Loyalists. The Centennial of the Settlement of Upper Canada. Rose Publishing Company, 1885.) ISBN 0-8063-0331-X
  17. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 29th September 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/barwell
  18. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 30th October 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/Britannia
  19. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 13th August 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/earl-cornwallis
  20. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 22nd March 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/coromandel-and-experiment
  21. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 28th July 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/duke-of-portland
  22. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 8th March 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/competitor
  23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_West_Indies
  24. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's. Retrieved October 4th 2021 from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/daphne
  25. Mount Erebus, Memorial, Roll of Remembrance (Retrieved 2018, February 21st). Retrieved from http://www.erebus.co.nz/memorialandawards/rollofremembrance.aspx
  26. American War Memorials - Flight 1285. (Retrieved 2016, August 24) . Retrieved from http://www.uswarmemorials.org/html/monument_details.php?SiteID=317&MemID=550
  27. Commemoration Empress of Ireland 2014. (Retrieved 2014, June 17) . Retrieved from http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/listepsc1.html
  28. Halifax Explosion Book of Remembrance | Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. (Retrieved 2014, June 23) . Retrieved from https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/halifax-explosion/halifax-explosion-book-remembrance
  29. Hillsborough Victims (retreived 21st March 2021). Retreived from https://metro.co.uk/2019/04/15/remembering-96-victims-hillsborough-disaster-30-years-9206566/
  30. HMAS Sydney II, Finding Sydney Foundation - Roll of Honour. (Retrieved 2014, April 24) . Retrieved from http://www.findingsydney.com/roll.asp
  31. Force Z Survivors HMS Dorsetshire Crew List, (Retrieved 2018, February 13th), https://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listdorsetshirecrew.html
  32. H.M.S. Hood Association-Battle Cruiser Hood: Crew Information - H.M.S. Hood Rolls of Honour, Men Lost in the Sinking of H.M.S. Hood, 24th May 1941. (Retrieved 2016, July 15) . Retrieved from http://www.hmshood.com/crew/memorial/roh_24may41.htm
  33. HMS Prince of Wales Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listprincecrew.html
  34. HMS Repulse Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listrepulsecrew.html
  35. Ships hit by U-boats crew list HMS Royal Oak (08) - (Retrieved 2018 February, 9th) - retrieved from https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/crews/ship68.html
  36. Monongah Mining Disaster retrieved on 8th August 2021. (Retrieved fromhttps://usminedisasters.miningquiz.com/saxsewell/monongah.htm).
  37. Lusitania Passenger List - The Lusitania Resource. (Retrieved 2014, March 7) . Retrieved from http://www.rmslusitania.info/lusitania-passenger-list/
  38. Titanic Passenger List - Titanic Facts. (Retrieved 2016, July 13) . Retrieved from http://www.titanicfacts.net/titanic-passenger-list.html
  39. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Alcoa_Puritan_(1941) - (Retrieved 2018, February 8th)
  40. Pearl Harbour: USS Arizona Casualties List Pearl Harbour December 7, 1941. (Retrieved 2018, July 31st). Retrieved from http://pearl-harbor.com/arizona/casualtylist.html


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